If fertilization occurs - meaning if a sperm meets the secondary oocyte - then the corpus luteum continues making progesterone until the placenta forms.

如果这候受精，精子遇到次级卵母细胞，黄体会持续地分泌黄体酮，直到胎盘形成。

Progesterone is produced by the empty follicle in the ovary.

黄体酮是由卵巢中空卵泡产生。

To compensate, the hormone progesterone acts as a respiratory stimulant, making the pregnant woman breathe faster so both she and the baby can both get enough oxygen with less lung capacity.

作为弥补，黄体酮激素发挥了呼吸兴奋剂作用，它使孕妇呼吸加，和胎儿在肺活量减小情况下，也可以得到足够氧气。

The HCG in the pregnancy urine triggers what's known as Corpora Hemorrhagica, a temporary growth on the rabbits ovaries easily spotted by prodding doctors within 48 hours of pee injection.

妊娠尿液中 HCG 会引发们所知黄体出血。这是一种在尿液注射后48小内，助产医生很容易发现兔子卵巢中性生长现象。

This includes growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone which acts on the adrenal gland, thyroid stimulating hormone which acts on the thyroid, and the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone, which act on the ovaries.

他们包括生长激素、作用于肾上腺促肾上腺皮质激素、作用于甲状腺促甲状腺激素，及作用于卵巢黄体生成素（LH）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）。

But first it releases a final hormonal swan song — a bunch of progesterone, a little estrogen, and some inhibin — that together stop the release of FSH and LH.

但首先它会释放最后荷尔蒙绝唱——一堆黄体酮，一些雌激素和一些抑制素——它们一起阻止 FSH 和 LH 释放。

The body will respond by producing more follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) than normal, since these hormones stimulate estrogen secretion by the ovaries.

体会产生比正常更多促卵泡激素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH），因为这些激素会刺激卵巢分泌雌激素。

That GnRH travels to the nearby pituitary, which secretes two hormones of its own - follicle stimulating hormone, or FSH, and luteinizing hormone, or LH.

GnRH作用于垂体，分泌两种激素：卵泡刺激素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）。

For a start, oestrogen is anabolic, building up muscle, while progesterone is catabolic, breaking it down.

首先，雌激素是合成代谢，可以增强肌肉，而黄体酮是分解代谢，可以分解肌肉。

Later symptoms include amenorrhea, an absence of a normal menstrual cycle, even after a period of lactation, which is due to a lack of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.

晚期症状包括闭经，即月经周期不正常，甚至就在哺乳期后出现，这是由于缺乏黄体生成素和卵泡刺激素。

Now in puberty in both male and females the hypothalamus starts to release more gonadotropin releasing hormone which gets the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.

青春期男性和女性体内下丘脑开始释放更多促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）；这种激素会使垂体释放黄体生成素（LH）和促卵泡激素（FSH）。

Menstrual-cycle-informed training in this case might be as simple as arranging for the de-load week to coincide with the stress-sensitive luteal phase.

在这种情况下，与生理期相关训练可能非常简单，就像安排减负周一样，适应压力敏感黄体期就可以。

The menstrual cycle is controlled by two main hormones: estrogen and progesterone.

月经周期由两种主要激素控制：雌激素和黄体酮。

Their main job is to produce and release female gametes and sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

它们主要工作是产生和释放女性配子和性激素，如雌激素和黄体酮。

Assuming a 28-day cycle, the follicular phase makes up the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle, and the luteal phase, the last two weeks.

在这个28天循环中，卵泡期占据了其中前两周，黄体期占据了后两周。

The shedding of the functional layer is triggered when the progesterone and estrogens that were being produced by the corpus luteum start to drop, about 10 days after ovulation. This phase lasts about 5 days.

当黄体产生黄体酮和雌激素开始下降，即排卵后大约 10 天，功能层脱落被触发。这个阶段持续大约 5 天。

During the luteal phase, immediately after ovulation, when both hormones are high, the body is less resilient to stress and more prone to inflammation.

在排卵后黄体期，当两种激素都很高，身体对压力适应性较差，更容易发生炎症。

And that leads to low levels of the gonadotropin hormones, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, and low levels of gonadal function.

而这会导致促性腺激素（如促黄体生成素和卵泡刺激素水平）降低，以及性腺功能水平降低。

So estrogen builds up the uterus lining, and progesterone maintains it during the second half of the menstrual cycle.

所以雌激素会形成子宫内膜，而黄体酮会在月经周期后半段维持子宫内膜。

Luteinized theca cells respond to the low LH concentrations after ovulation by producing more progesterone.

LH水平降低会使黄素化内膜细胞生成更多黄体酮。