The reason the individual is sacred or the bearer of rights, according to Kant, doesn't stem from the idea that we own ourselves but instead from the idea that we are all rational beings.

个体神圣不可侵犯或拥有权利的原因德看来，并不源于“我们己主人”这一理念，而源于“我们都理性”这一观点。

Kant's answer is this, " I say that man, and in general every rational being, exists as an end in himself, not merely as a means for arbitrary use by this or that will."

“我认为人类以及一般意义上的理性，身就作为目的而，而不仅仅被各种意志肆意利用的手段。”

13-3-3The Synthetic a Priori Kant distinguishes between two kinds of judgments, the analytic and the synthetic.

13-3-3先验德综合判断区分了两种判断，分析判断和综合判断。

13-3-2The Nature of a Priori Knowledge Kant affirmed that we possess a faculty that is capable of giving us knowledge without an appeal to experience.

13-3-2先验知识的本质 德肯定了我们拥有一种能力，能够给我们知识，而不诉诸经验。

13-3-4Kant's Copernican Revolution Kant solved the problem of the synthetic a priori judgment by substituting a new hypothesis concerning the relation between the mind and its objects.

13-3-4德的哥白尼革命 德通过替代关于心智与其对象之间关系的新假设，解决了综合先验判断的问题。

Well, it was Kant who said it.

" 你不知道，这德说的。"

Because remember, for Kant and for Rawls, the point of politics is not to shape the moral character of citizens. It's not to make us good.

因为要记住，对于德和罗尔斯来说，政治的意义不帮助公民塑造良好的品德。不把我们变好。

And it sure felt like Aristotle would be a little annoyed, and it sure felt like Immanuel Kant would wave a disapproving finger at me.

我确信亚里斯多德会有点恼火，以及德会对我摇摇手指表示不赞同。

So Immanuel Kant came up with something called the categorical imperative, and it's basically an idea that you can use to test if an action you're about to do is either going to help or harm your community.

伊曼努尔·德提出了绝对命令，它基本上这样一种理念，你可以用它来检验你将要采取的行动否会帮助或损害你的群体。

There was nothing to look at from under the tree except Gatsby's enormous house, so I stared at it, like Kant at his church steeple, for half an hour.

从树底下望出去，除了盖茨比的庞大的房屋之外没有别的东西可看，于我盯着它看了半个小时，好像德盯着他的教堂尖塔一样。

The Prussian philosopher Kant summed up its key message in the Latin phrase Sapere Aude: dare to know, to think for yourself.

普鲁士哲学家德用拉丁短语 Sapere Aude 总结了启蒙运动的关键信息：敢于了解，为己思考。

The absolutist position on lying, associated with German philosopher Immanuel Kant, holds that lying is always immoral, regardless of the circumstances.

绝对主义的谎言立场，来于德国哲学家伊曼纽尔德，坚持说谎永远都不道德的，不论任何情况。

For this he credits the values of the 18th-century Enlightenment, summarised by Immanuel Kant as " Dare to understand" !

他将这归功于18世纪启蒙运动所倡导的价值观，德将它概括为" 敢于知晓！"

Not least, added Immanuel Kant, crooked beams can make for beautiful floors, in the hands of a talented carpenter.

伊曼努尔·德补充说：最重要的，天才木匠手中，弯曲的横梁可以变成漂亮的地板。

So, John Stewart Mill agreed with that criticism against Kant.

所以穆勒同意对于德的这一批判。

So Kant says, when we're about to do something we have to design a rule or a maxim that we could will to be universal.

德说，当我们打算做某件事时，我们得设计一条规则或准则，把它一般化，套用到所有人身上。

The influential German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, also explored the connection between animal love and personal fulfillment.

德国知名哲学家伊曼努尔·德，也探讨了动物的爱和个人成就感之间的联系。

Followers of Kant would say treating others with respect is the heart of moral conduct, while followers of Mill would say nothing is more important than happiness.

德的追随者会说，尊重他人道德行为的核心，而米尔的追随者会说没有什么比幸福更重要。

And one of the most powerful ways to do this is to consider the ideas of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher.

要做到这一点，最有力的方法之一就考虑德国哲学家伊曼努尔·德的观点。

Immanuel Kant described very well the problem with skepticism when he wrote " Skepticism is a resting place for human reason, where it can reflect upon its dogmatic wanderings, but it is no dwelling place for permanent settlement."

德曾贴切地描述了怀疑论的不足，参见德的《纯粹理性批判》，他写道：“怀疑论人类理性暂时休憩的场所，理性省以伺将来做出正确抉择的地方，但绝非理性的永久定居地。”