John Maynard Keynes, one of the fathers of modern economics, once famously described how powerful expectations — or animal spirits, as he called them — can play a powerful role in markets.

现代经济学之父之一的约翰•梅纳德•凯恩斯，曾有过一个著名的描述——强大的预期 (他称之为动物精神)——可以在市场中发挥强大的作用。

Keynes basically invented modern economics, and developed theories and models about spending and production.

凯恩斯基本上创造了现代经济学，并提出了关于生产的理论模型。

John Maynard Keynes was teaching at Cambridge University at the time.

约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯当时在剑桥大学教学。

This industrial campus in Milton Keynes, north-west of London, however, is particularly cautious.

然而，位于伦敦西北部米尔顿凯恩斯的这个工业园区却别谨慎。

In it, Keynes gave a much more complete account of how the multiplier might work, and how it might enable a government to drag a slumping economy back to health.

《在通论》中，凯恩斯对财政乘可能如何发挥作用以及它如何能让政府把处于下滑中的经济体回归健康给出了一个远为完整的描述。

Led by the world-famous British economist John Maynard Keynes and his US counterpart Harry Dexter White, their aim was to create an international monetary system that stabilised currencies and facilitated a return to freer trade.

会议由举世闻名的英国经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯美国经济学家亨利··怀领导，他们的目标是创建一个国际货币体系，以稳定货币并推动自由贸易回归。

Hayek dismissed Keynes as " knowing very little about economics" , and he wrote a snotty book review of one of Keynes's major works.

哈耶认为凯恩斯“对经济学知之甚少”，并对凯恩斯的一部主要著作写了一篇傲慢的书评。

When it comes to climate change, reality is not quite as bad as Keynes's framework suggests, since scientists can help resolve some sorts of uncertainty.

在气候变化这个问题上，现实并不像凯恩斯所描述的那样糟糕，因为科学家可以帮助解决某些不确定性。

He is with Imperium Drive, which is using humans as remote operators for cars in the British city of Milton Keynes.

他在Imperium Drive工作，该公司在英国米尔顿·凯恩斯市使用人类作为汽车的远程操作员。

This year's event is the first Masters final without spectators in attendance, played behind closed doors in Milton Keynes.

今年在米尔顿·凯恩斯举行的大师赛是首届无观众在场的大师赛决赛。

Well Keynes died in 1946, but his theories live on, and so does the debate.

凯恩斯在1946年去世，但他的理论依然存在，辩论也如此。

It became a retreat for other members of the Bloomsbury Group, including Keynes (once Grant's lover).

它成了布卢姆茨伯里派其他成员的藏身之所，包括凯恩斯（格兰曾经的情人）。

John Maynard Keynes talked a lot about the importance of " animal spirits" to economic growth.

约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯多次谈到“动物精神”对经济增长的重要性。

Keynes proposed bancor just after sterling lost its sway.

就在英镑失去影响力之后，凯恩斯提出了bancor。

Across the fields lies Tilton, the house that became Keynes's and Lopokova's own country home.

田野的另一边是蒂尔顿庄园，这栋房子后来成了凯恩斯洛波科娃在乡下的家。

Keynes was a singular character, and one of the great thinkers of the 20th century.

凯恩斯是一位非凡之人，是20世纪伟大思想家之一。

By contrast, officials involved in the creation of the IMF insisted that it avoid developing what Keynes referred to as " grandmotherly powers" , meaning finger-wagging, moralising strictures that unduly curtailed the freedom of member states.

相比之下，参与创建国际货币基金组织的官员们坚持主张，要避免发展凯恩斯所指的“祖母式权力”，也就是说，避免训诫说教、苛责批评，过度限制成员国的自由。

John Maynard Keynes described uncertainty as a situation where there is " no scientific basis to form any calculable probability whatever" .

约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯将不确定性描述为“没有形成任何可计算概率的科学依据”。

Keynes argued that government should get involved in increasing demand to keep productivity up, and unemployment down.

凯恩斯认为，政府应该参与增加需求，以保持生产率的提高失业率的下降。

Other economists picked up where Keynes left off.

其他经济学家沿着凯恩斯的思路走了下去。