Typically, TB bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis, are airborne.

导致肺的杆一般是由空气传播的。

" We've discovered that vitamin C kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells."

“我们发现维生素 C 能杀死杆。”

The most well known one is mycobacterium tuberculosis, also just called TB.

最著名的是杆，也缩写成TB。

Several pathogens have been implicated, like Mycobacterium paratuberculosis as well as Pseudomona and Listeria species.

多种病原体与克罗恩病的发病相关，如副杆、假单胞和李斯特属。

If so, mycobacterium tuberculosis will reproduce inside those macrophages, and form colonies in the surrounding lung tissue.

这时杆会在巨噬细胞内繁殖，并在周边组织中形成。

Now Mycobacterium tuberculosis is usually transmitted via inhalation, which is how they gain entry into the lungs.

杆的传播途径通常是吸入途径，也就是它们进入人体肺部的方法。

Finally, there's mycobacteria which are slow-growing like fungi, hence the " myco" in their name even though they're still bacteria.

最后，还有支杆，像真一样生长缓慢，因此名字中有“myco”（真），尽管它们仍然是细。

Certain types of mycobacteria can also lurk in hot tub water.

某些类型的杆也可以潜伏在热水浴缸中。

These samples can then get sent to the lab for staining, culture, and PCR to look for evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

标本被送到实验室去做染色实验、细培养以及聚合酶链式反应，来检验TB存在的证明。

TB is tricky though, and once inside the macrophage, they produce a protein that inhibits this fusion, which allows the Mycobacterium to survive.

但是TB也不是省油的灯，一旦进入到巨噬细胞体内，它们就会产生抑制这种融合的蛋白，以此让杆获得生存。

Many people with AIDS die from infections that a healthy immune system would typically be able to fend off, like pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, or mycobacterium avium complex.

许多艾滋病患者死于原本健康的免疫系统本可抵抗的感染，比如卡氏肺孢子、巨细胞病毒或鸟杆复合物。

These include the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that can cause tuberculosis, the protozoan Plasmodium, which causes Malaria, the fungus Trichophyton rubrum, which causes ringworm, and the virus Varicella zoster, which causes Chickenpox.

这些包括可以导致病的杆，导致疟疾的原生动物疟原虫，会引起癣的真红毛癣，会引起水痘的水痘病毒。

And then of course there's tubercular meningitis which is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, and finally parasitic causes of meningitis like P. falciparum which is the main cause of malaria.

然后当然还有性脑膜炎，由杆引起；最后还有脑膜炎的寄生病因，比如像是恶性疟原虫，也是疟疾的主要病因。