Protonema (pl. protonemata) The young bryophyte gametophyte that develops following spore germination.

苔藓直接由孢萌发形成的结构称为原丝体。

Gametangium (pl. gametangia) A cell or organ in which sexual cells (gametes) are produced.

配囊（配偶囊）：由性细胞（配）产生的细胞或器官。

Undulipodium (pl. undulipodia) A whiplike organelle that protrudes from a eukaryotic cell and is used chiefly for locomotion (e.g. motile gametes) or feeding (e.g. ciliate protoctists).

波动足（生毛体）：真核细胞表面突起的状结构，主要作用为运动(如：游动精)和摄食(如：纤毛protoctists)。

Hymenium (pl. hymenia) A layer of the fruiting body of certain ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi in which the asci or basidia are borne.

真根据其“果实”（实体译者注）结构特征分为三大门类：接合类、囊类和类。

Lomentum (pl. lomenta) A dry dehiscent fruit formed from a single carpel and bearing more than one seed, as in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia).

由单心皮组成的含有多个种的裂果，如红豆草(Onobrychisviciifolia)。

Pseudopodium (pl. pseudopodia) 1. A leafless stalk that bears the capsule in Sphagnum and other mosses that lack a seta.

1.一种在泥炭藓属和其他缺乏蒴柄的藓类的结构。它是一种无叶的柄，其上生有蒴果。

Tapetum (pl. tapeta) A food-rich layer surrounding the spore mother cells in the anthers of vascular plants.

维管花粉囊内包围孢母细胞的富含营养质的一层结构。