The bear case rests on patience, a Persian restoration and a Permian boom.

看跌的理由在于耐心，波斯的恢复和二叠纪的繁荣。

The idea that an impact caused the Permian extinction has been around for a while.

致二叠纪大灭绝的原因长期以来都没有一个定论。

It happens at the end of the Permian period about 250 million years ago.

它发生在大约 2.5 亿年前的二叠纪末期。

250 million years ago is the Permian extinction.

二叠纪大灭绝发生在2.5亿年前。

But from then on, production in even the Permian began steadily declining as the conventionally easy-to-access oil in large pools beneath the surface began running out.

但从那时起，二叠纪盆地的产量也开始稳步下降，因为地表下大型油池中易于开采的常规石油开始枯竭。

Estimates for the number of animal species alive at the end of the Permian range from as low as 45,000 to as high as 240,000.

据估计，二叠纪结束的时候，活着的动物物种量从45000-240000种不等。

What's called the End Permian extinction, 252 million years ago, wiped out 96 percent of aquatic species and 70 percent of species on land.

它被称为二叠纪末大灭绝，2亿5千2百万年前96%的水生及70%的陆生生物全部惨遭灭绝。

And in the Permian, the heartland of US oil production, more than half of producers have signaled they will cut spending in 2025.

而在美国石油生产的核心地区——二叠纪盆地，超过一半的生产商表示他们将在 2025 年削减支出。

Marathon owns assets in Eagle Ford in Texas, Bakken in North Dakota, Permian in New Mexico and Texas, and in Oklahoma.

马拉松石油公司在德斯州的鹰滩、北达他州的巴肯、新墨西哥州和德斯州的二叠纪盆地以及俄拉荷马州拥有资产。

It followed after Earth's worst mass extinction 252 million years ago at the end of the Permian Period.

在2.52亿年前地球上最严重的大灭绝之后，紧随着就是二叠纪末期。

The acquisition expands Chevron's shale-oil assets in America's Permian basin, where Anadarko is a leading independent operator.

此次收购扩大了雪佛龙在美国二叠纪盆地的页岩油资产，阿纳达是该地区领先的独立运营商。

Here in the Permian, we also start to see the first evidence of walking on two legs.

在二叠纪时期，我们也第一次发现了有些动物开始靠两条腿行走的证据。

The event took place at the end of what Earth scientists, or geologists, call the Permian Period.

这一事件发生在地球学家或地质学家所说的二叠纪末期。

The Permian event was particularly devastating to sea creatures.

二叠纪事件对海洋动物的破坏性尤其严重。

Bnef predicts output in the Permian basin could rise by as much as 1m bpd by the end of 2023; ExxonMobil, an oil major, plans to increase output there by a quarter this year.

新能源财经（Bnef）预测，到2023年底，二叠纪盆地的日产量可能增加100万桶；石油巨头埃森美孚计划今年将那里的产量增加四分之一。

But then by the end of the Permian period, their immense run across deep time is over and they go extinct.

但到了二叠纪末期，它们在漫长的地质时间中的辉煌历程结束了，最终灭绝。

And as it turned out, the Permian too was absolutely covered with previously inaccessible petroleum-rich shale rocks beneath the surface.

而事实证明，二叠纪盆地的地表下也绝对覆盖着以前无法触及的富含石油的页岩。

The researchers said they see similarities between the Permian mass extinction and today's climate change problem.

研究人员说，他们看到了二叠纪集群绝灭和如今气候变化问题之间的相似之处。

She said unlike the animals that came before us during the Permian Period, " we actually have the ability to do something to prevent this kind of ecosystem crisis from happening again."

她说，与二叠纪时期在我们之前出现的动物不同，“我们实际上有能力做些什么来防止这种生态系统危机再次发生。”

In 2012, the first successful horizontal shale well was drilled in the Permian, and the fracking boom had come to what had once been America's greatest oil field.

2012 年，在二叠纪盆地成功钻出了第一口水平页岩井，水力压裂的热潮也来到了曾经是美国最大油田的地方。