As long ago as 500 A.D., Persians used windmills for grinding grain and pumping water.

早在公元500，就利用风车来研磨谷物以及抽水。

The Persians were defeated and Xerxes fled, never to return.

战败，薛西逃跑，再也没有回来。

White people, Europeans, Persians, Arabs, Middle Easterners.

白，欧洲，，阿拉伯，中东。

Meanwhile, ancient Persians built shallow insulated pools of water and utilized a technique known as sky cooling.

与此同时，古建造了隔热浅水池，并利用“空气冷却”技术。

This time, the Persians said no.

这一次，说不。

Eventually, the Persians, under Darius I invaded Greece in 492 BCE.

最终，在大流士一世领导下于公元 492 侵希腊。

At great cost to the Persians, the Spartans and their king, Leonidas, were killed.

付出了巨大代价，斩杀了巴达勇士和他们国王列奥尼达。

Ten years later, the Persians returned, planning to conquer the whole of Greece under the leadership of Darius's son, Xerxes.

十后，重返，计划征服整个希腊，统帅为达利儿子薛西。

The same free people of Athens who defeated the Persians later treated Miltiades and Themistocles with just such ingratitude.

这是曾战胜过自由雅典民，也就是后来很不知感激地对待米尔提亚德和泰米托克利雅典民。

These mountain people were the Persians.

这个山地民族就是。

And then, in 480 BCE, Xerxes took his Persians across the Hellespont and moved south, towards Sparta, gaining allies.

然后，在公元 480 ，薛西带领他穿过赫勒蓬特河，向南移动，往巴达，获得盟友。

Lydia was powerful and prosperous, but it was threatened from the east by the rapidly expanding power of the Persians.

吕底亚国力强大，经济发达，但东边迅速扩张对他们仍是一种威胁。

So there at Marathon they formed ranks, and fell upon the startled Persians. And they were victorious.

所以他们在马拉松集结并向受惊发起攻击。雅典打了胜仗。

Iraqis, Kurds, Pakistanis, Persians, and the peoples of Central Asia.

伊拉克、库尔德、巴基坦、和中亚民。

It was Alexander who won the final, decisive victory over the Persians.

是亚历山大赢得了对最后决定性胜利。

The literature of Indians, Greeks, Persians, and Teutons alike was characterized by great cosmic visions.

印度、希腊、和日耳曼文学都以伟大宇宙观为特征。

Another civilization to emerge in the Middle East was that of the Persians.

中东地区出现另一个文明是文明。

The Romans and the Persians had, at the imperial and institutional levels, embraced monotheism.

罗马和在帝国和制度层面上都已接受了单一神教。

To the northeast were the Sassanian Persians.

在东北方向是萨珊王朝。

And then you get the final pushback, get the Persians out of Greece.

最终，你获得了决定性反击，将逐出了希腊。