Piaget was a pioneer in how kids learn.

伯爵是儿童学习方式先驱。

Piaget claimed that, in the preoperational stage, children give a fantastic or magical meaning to what they don't understand.

理学家让·皮亚杰声称，在前运算阶段，孩子们给他们不理解东西一种奇妙或神奇意义。

Jean Piaget, a founding father of child psychology, observed something profound about human nature.

儿童理学奠基人让· 皮亚杰 ( Jean Piaget)对人性一些深刻观察。

Piaget helped show kids are like scientists.

伯爵帮助向人们展示了孩子们就像科学家。

And I thought when Jones came on, you saw a bit of difference and Piaget retiring too.

当我看到琼斯上场时，你发现了一些变化，皮亚杰也下场了。

Ask me anything... Freud, Skinner, Piaget.

你可以问我任何问题 弗洛伊德 斯金纳 皮亚杰。

Piaget’s research focused on 36. learning.

Piaget研究主要集中在36学习。

Now, American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg later expanded on Piaget’s model of cognitive development to incorporate stages of moral development.

现在，美国理学家劳伦斯·科尔伯格后来扩展了皮亚杰认知发展模型，将道德发展阶段纳入其中。

This includes Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, who spent much of his career in the early 1900s studying cognitive development.

这其中包括瑞士理学家让·皮亚杰 (Jean Piaget)，他在 1900 年代职业生涯中大部分时间都在研究认知发展。

And this, to Piaget, suggested that there were four different stages of cognitive development.

对皮亚杰来说，这表明认知发展有四个不同阶段。

While researching ways to measure children’s intelligence, Piaget noticed that kids of similar ages tended to make similar mistakes.

在研究衡量儿童智力方法时，皮亚杰注意到年龄相仿孩子往往会犯类似错误。

His ideas have been developed further and even challenged by other scholars, but like Piaget, he remains a crucial figure to know in Western psychology.

他思想得到进一步发展， 甚至受到其他学者挑战，但与皮亚杰一样， 他仍然是西方理学界不可或缺重要人物。

And in the formal operational stage, at about age 12, Piaget said, kids begin to think in the abstract and use logic and critical thinking.

皮亚杰说，在正式运算阶段，大约在 12 岁时，孩子们开始进行抽象思考，并使用逻辑和批判性思维。

Well, um, if you observed a four-year-old child, for example, my daughter is 4 years old; you might read up on Piaget's stages of cognitive development we covered those in class.

嗯, 如果你观察一个四岁孩子, 例如, 我女儿四岁;你可能会读到皮亚杰认知发展阶段, 我们在课堂上涵盖了这些阶段。

Just as Piaget gave us a helpful framework for thinking about early development, other scholars have given us ideas about how we develop through the rest of our lives, particularly Erik Erikson.

正如皮亚杰为我们提供了一个思考早发展有用框架，其他学者也为我们提供了关于我们如何在余生中发展想法， 尤其是埃里克埃里克森。

This curious, slobbery interaction with the world is what Piaget called the sensorimotor stage – the level of development where all knowledge is based on what you can perceive with your senses.

皮亚杰将这种与世界好奇、口齿不清互动称为感觉运动阶段——所有知识都基于你可以用你感官感知发展水平。