We were passing through rocks of the transition or silurian [l] system.

我们正在穿过过渡或志留纪[l]系统岩石。

While fish with jaws first appeared in the Silurian, they proliferated in the Devonian.

虽然有颚鱼最早出现在 志留纪，但它们在泥盆纪大量繁殖。

It could not be otherwise, for in the Silurian age the seas contained at least fifteen hundred vegetable and animal species.

不可能不是， 为在志留纪时代， 海洋中至少含有一千五百种植物和动物。

It's one of the earliest known fungi in the fossil record, dating back 440 million years, to the early Silurian Period.

它是化石记录中已知最早真菌之一，可追溯到 4.4 亿年前志留纪早期。

The period that came next, the Silurian, saw the evolution of armor in many groups of fish, all around the same time.

接下来时期， 即志留纪，见证了许多鱼群盔甲化，几乎是在同一时间。

So armored fish came in a variety of shapes and sizes during the Silurian and Devonian, from tiny Heterostracans to massive Placoderms.

此，在志留纪和泥盆纪期间， 装甲鱼形状和大小各不相同，从微小异类鱼到巨大盾皮鱼。

The fish fossils were discovered at two sites in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata date back to the Silurian Period that began around 440 million years ago.

些古鱼化石是在我国重庆、贵州等志留纪早期距今约 4.4 亿年中发现。

The culprit was an apex predator that dominated the seas of the late Silurian and early Devonian: the sea scorpion.

罪魁祸首是一种顶级捕食者，它在志留纪晚期和泥盆纪早期海洋中占主导位：海蝎子。

This twofold impact known as the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction, wiped out about 25% of all taxonomic families, including about half of trilobite families.

种被称为奥陶纪-志留纪灭绝双重影响消灭了大约 25% 所有分类科，包括大约一半三叶虫科。

By the Silurian Period, a genus called Sphooceras tried a different tactic: Instead of coiling its shell, it broke off the end of it.

到志留纪时期， 一种名为 Spooceras 属尝试了一种不同策略：它没有将外壳卷起来，而是折断了外壳末端。

This is because scale trees were a type of plant called lycopods, which originated way back in the Silurian Period -- before seeds were even a thing!

是为鳞片树是一种叫做石松植物，起源于志留纪时期——甚至在种子出现之前！

But as the Silurian gave way to the Devonian, a dangerous new competitive pressure entered the seas — the armored, jawed fish known as the placoderms.

但随着志留纪让位给泥盆纪，一种危险新竞争压力入了海洋——被称为盾皮鱼有甲有颚鱼。

Thus it turned out that the last year in England was the pleasantest. He was already old in society, and belonged to the Silurian horizon. The Prince of Wales had come.

事实证明，在英国最后一年是最愉快。他在社会上已经老了，属于志留纪平线。威尔士亲王来了。

The newfound mobility of this group allowed it to diversify throughout the Silurian, and fast, as they were able to colonize new areas and take advantage of new niches.

个群体新发现流动性使其能够在整个志留纪期间快速多化，为他们能够在新区殖民并利用新生态位。

For instance, it cannot be doubted that all the Cambrian and Silurian trilobites are descended from some one crustacean, which must have lived long before the Cambrian age, and which probably differed greatly from any known animal.

例如，毫无疑问，所有寒武纪和志留纪三叶虫都是某种甲壳类动物后代，种甲壳类动物一定生活在寒武纪之前很久， 而且可能与任何已知动物都大不相同。

And the results suggested that flying insects could have originated 406 million years ago, in the early Devonian -- and that the common ancestor of all insects lived a whopping 440 million years ago, in the Silurian period.

结果表明，飞虫可能起源于 4.06 亿年前泥盆纪早期——所有昆虫共同祖先生活在 4.4 亿年前志留纪时期。

And it came from a layer of earth that dated back 420 million years, when the Silurian Period gave way to the Devonian -- a good 20 million years after Tortotubus first appears in the fossil record.

它来自可追溯到 4.2 亿年前球，当时志留纪让位给泥盆纪——距 Tortotubus 首次出现在化石记录中已有 2000 万年。

By the time the Silurian Period rolled around, tens of millions of years later, the two clades had diverged, each adapting a different way of breathing that ultimately set them down very different evolutionary paths.

数千万年后，志留纪到来时，两个化枝已经分道扬镳，各自适应不同呼吸方式，最终使它们走上了截然不同化道路。