Think of afterload as a hose with a nozzle.

可以将负荷视带有喷嘴软管。

If the nozzle is opened wide, afterload will decrease because there will be less resistance to flow.

如果喷嘴打开，则负荷会减少，因流阻较小。

This arterial pressure that represents the amount of resistance the ventricle has to overcome to eject blood is called the afterload.

心室必须克服以排出阻力脉压力负荷。

When afterload is high, the heart has to work harder to pump blood.

当负荷很高时，心脏必须更加努力地工作来泵。

In other words, increased afterload results in increased end-systolic volume and less blood leaving the heart, or decreased stroke volume.

换言之，负荷增加会导致收缩末期容积增加，离开心脏减少，或每博输出量减少。

If the nozzle is almost closed, afterload will increase because there will be a lot of resistance to the flow of blood through the hose.

如果喷嘴几乎关闭，则负荷会增加，因对通过软管流会产生很大阻力。

In this situation, the left ventricle is healthy but simply can't effectively pump blood in a system with such high afterload - in other words, under conditions with such high systemic pressures.

这种情况下，左心室完好，但由于负荷过重，不能有效地泵至全身；换言之，即在全身性高压情况下。

Therefore, we can see that when afterload is high, the heart would have a harder time pumping blood and would lead to an increase in the blood remaining in the ventricles, or an increased end-systolic volume.

因此，我们可以看到，当负荷很高时，心脏将很难泵，会导致心室中剩余增加或收缩末期容积增加。