He and other economists call this clustering agglomeration.

他和其他经济学家称其为集群集聚效应。

To understand how an agglomeration gets going, consider New York City.

了解集聚效应是如何发展的，请看一下纽约市。

Cities are where " agglomeration" spurs innovation: a larger population means that more people come together to swap ideas.

城市是“集聚效应”刺激创新的方：人口越多意味着有越多的人聚集在一起交流想法。

And then we build up these like local supply chains, agglomerations of knowledge.

然后我们建立起这些类似应链的结构，知识的集聚体。

The population and industries concentrate in larger cities within urban agglomerations.

人口和工业集中在城市群内的大城市。

Economists tend to see agglomeration benefits, which arise from people living and working in the same space, as crucial.

经济学家通常认为，人们生活在同一空间并在此工作所带来的集聚效益至关重。

These cities are forming an urban agglomeration in the southwest, and industrial transfer has brought new employment opportunities.

这些城市正在西南区形成城市群，产业转移带来了新的就业机会。

The houses of the central village were quite unlike the casual and higgledy-piggledy agglomeration of the mountain villages he knew.

中央村庄的房屋与他熟悉的山区村庄那种随意而杂乱无章的聚集方式完全不同。

Especially the urban agglomeration in Jiangsu Province and market-oriented representative cities like Shenzhen are all what I admire.

其是江苏省的城市群和像深圳这样市场导向型的代表城市，都是我所钦佩的。

Though it resembles an agglomeration of plants, the facility is in fact a highly optimised Verbund (combine) held together by nearly 2,850km of pipes.

尽管它类似于植物群，但该设施实际上是由近 2,850 公里的管道连接在一起的高度优化的 Verbund（组合）。

I'm not a huge car fan and I'm not a huge road fan but roads and cars are a pretty good way of getting agglomeration.

也就是说，旧金山湾区非常广阔且分布广泛， 并且有很多住房。 但旧金山湾区分布得很广， 并有良好的道路系统。 你可以从奥克兰通勤到旧金山， 并且我完全同意关于交通基础设施的重性观点。 但实际上道路… … 虽然我不是汽车或公路的大粉丝， 但汽车和公路确实是实现集聚的一种相当有效的方式。

It is home to two of the largest agglomerations of little penguins and fur seals, and a ground zero for the reintroduction of locally extinct animals.

它是两个最大的小企鹅和海狗聚集的家园，也是重新引入当灭绝动物的归零。

And on the other side of the Pacific, in Peru's Rio Supe, we already see huge agglomerations of people with monumental architecture 4,000 years before the Inca.

而在太平洋的另一边，在秘鲁的里奥苏佩，我们已经看到了规模庞大的人群聚集和宏伟的建筑，这比印加文明早了4000年。

The fragmented ownership and low overhead costs help facilitate economies not of scale, but of agglomeration, with rows of idiosyncratic spaces that feel personal, informal and intimate.

分散的所有权和较低的间接成有助于促进集聚经济而非规模经济，一排排独特的空间给人以个人、非正式和亲密的感觉。

You only have to look at the complaints of people who live in Seattle or the Bay Area to see that very serious negative implications of excessive or poorly managed agglomeration.

你只需看看西雅图或湾区居民的抱怨，即可发现过度集聚或管理不善所带来的非常严重的负面影响。

I guess that's why I'm in New York is because of the agglomeration that once was driven by the ports and the Erie Canal that no longer is as important.

我想这就是为什么我在纽约的原因是因为曾经由港口和伊利运河驱动的集聚, 而伊利运河不再那么重了。

Even the real estate and land they own are suddenly worth more, all because of the economics of agglomeration and multiplier effects, because the local mayors are actually an equity stakeholder of the entire city.

甚至他们拥有的房产和土突然变得更值钱，这都是因为集聚和乘数效应的经济学，因为方市长实际上是整个城市的股权利益相关者。

The reason behind this is that the transformation and upgrading of Jiangsu's manufacturing industry is faster, while Guangdong is restricted by factors such as foreign trade, consumption, the real estate market, and the slow speed of industrial agglomeration.

其原因是江苏制造业的转型和升级速度更快，而广东则受到外贸、消费、房产市场以及工业集聚速度缓慢等因素的限制。