Competition between the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and the cladoceran moina macrocopa in relation to algal food concentration and initial rotifer population density.
Taking into account of the biogenic components, the algal dolomite, the main component of algal reefs, consisted of Cladosiphonia sinensis, Serpula shandongensis etc.
The water eutrophication is caused by the incessant accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in water and excessive propagation of a few of algal and hydrobios.
Reproduction in lichens may be asexual by soredia (algal cells enclosed by fungal hyphae) or by sexual fungal spores, which can survive only if some algal cells are also present.