They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes, even rarely, alkynes.

它们可以是烃或烯烃，有时甚至是罕见的炔烃。

So, we've heard of saturated fats. What does that mean? It means no double bonds. All of the carbon chains are alkanes, and it has as many hydrogens as possible. It's saturated.

么，我们听过饱和脂肪。它是什么意思呢？ 它意味着没有双键。所有的碳链都是烃，并且含有尽可能多的氢原子。 它是饱和的。

So alkanes with 5 to 18 chains of carbon atoms like octane and gasoline are liquids at room temperature and those with more than 18 carbon atoms like paraffin or other waxes are solids.

因此，有 5 到 18 个碳原子链的烃（如辛和汽油）在室温下是液体，而些有超过 18 个碳原子的烃（如石蜡或其他蜡）是固体。

There's only one letter changing here: A in alkanes changes to E for alkenes and then to Y for alkynes.

这里只有一个字母在变化：烃中的A变成了烯烃中的E，然后再变成炔烃中的Y。

Alkanes are just more of the same, add another carbon to lengthen the chain.

烃只是更多相同的东西，添加另一个碳原子延长链。

As a general rule, the larger and more complex alkanes are, the more densely their molecules can pack together, which means that they tend to be liquid or solid instead of gaseous at room temperature.

一般，烃越大越复杂， 它们的分子堆积在一起的密度就越大，这意味着它们在室温下往往是液态或固态， 而不是气态。

Now suppose you have more than one of the same size group attached to the same chain, like two methyl groups on the same alkane.

现在假设您有多个相同大小的基团连接到同一条链上，例如同一烃上的两个甲基。

Alkenes can be made into alkanes and alkynes can become either alkenes or alkanes depending on how many atoms are added.

烯烃可以转化为烃，而炔烃则可以根据添加的原子数量变成烯烃或烃。

If you paid attention, you learned that hydrocarbons with double bonds are called alkenes and those with triple bonds are called alkynes and that the naming rules are the same as for alkanes.

如果你注意听了，你应该知道带有双键的碳氢化物称为烯烃， 带有三键的称为炔烃， 而且它们的命名规则与烃相同。

So, three words representing three different groups of organic compounds. Alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

因此，这三个词分别代表三类不同的有机化物。烃是指所有键均为单键的化物；烯烃是指含有双键的化物；炔烃是指含有一个或多个三键的化物。

So three words representing three different groups of organic compounds: alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

所以三个词代表三种不同的有机化物组：烃表示全单键，烯烃表示含有双键，炔烃表示含有一个或多个三键。

The first is the kind that made alkane the most common fuel for combustion or burning.

第一种使烃成为最常见的燃烧或燃烧燃料。

Sometimes the oils are fully hydrogenated, creating saturated alkanes.

有时这些油脂会完全氢化，生成饱和的烃。

The fatty acid chains, they have long hydrocarbon chains, are what we're mostly concerned with here. They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes even rarely alkynes.

脂肪酸链有长的碳氢链，这是我们主要关注的部分。它们可以是烃或烯烃，有时甚至是罕见的炔烃。

Things get more interesting, though, with the next alkane, butane, C4H10, because there are two different forms of it.

不过，对于下一个烃丁 C4H10， 事情变得更加有趣，因为它有两种不同的形式。

The fully saturated hydrocarbons I just described are usually called by the much simpler name, alkanes.

我刚刚描述的完全饱和的碳氢化物通常用更简单的名称命名， 即烃。

It's a polymerized alkene, but the molecule itself is an alkane.

它是聚烯烃， 但分子本身是烃。

The simplest of the alkanes is one you've heard of before, methane, or CH4, the main compound in natural gas.

最简单的烃是您以前听过的甲或 CH4， 它是天然气中的主要化物。

But there are 3 types of alkane reactions that are important enough for us to cover right now right here.

但是有 3 种类型的烃反应非常重要， 我们现在就在这里进行介绍。

The final reaction type is dehydrogenation, and it, somewhat obviously, is the removal of hydrogen atoms from alkanes.

最后的反应类型是脱氢， 从某种程度上，它是从烃中去除氢原子。