Alkanes are just more of the same, add another carbon to lengthen the chain.

烷烃只是更多相同的东西，添加另一个碳原子来延长链。

The fully saturated hydrocarbons I just described are usually called by the much simpler name, alkanes.

我刚刚描述的饱和的碳合物通常用更简单的名称命名， 即烷烃。

They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes, even rarely, alkynes.

们可以是烷烃或烯烃，有时甚至是罕见的炔烃。

The simplest of the alkanes is one you've heard of before, methane, or CH4, the main compound in natural gas.

最简单的烷烃是您以前听说过的甲烷或 CH4， 是天然气中的要合物。

Things get more interesting, though, with the next alkane, butane, C4H10, because there are two different forms of it.

不过，对于下一个烷烃丁烷 C4H10， 事情变得更加有趣，因为有两种不同的形式。

Sometimes the oils are fully hydrogenated, creating saturated alkanes.

有时这些油脂会，生成饱和的烷烃。

The next simplest alkane contains 2 carbons side by side, each one of them in bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms.

下一个最简单的烷烃包含 2 个并排的碳原子， 每个碳原子都与 3 个原子键合。

First, alkanes are always named based on the longest possible continuous chain in their structure.

首先，烷烃总是根据其结构中最长的连续链命名。

There's only one letter changing here: A in alkanes changes to E for alkenes and then to Y for alkynes.

这里只有一个字母在变：烷烃中的A变成了烯烃中的E，然后再变成炔烃中的Y。

I'm not gonna go through them all. There are a few naming rules that are specific to alkanes.

我不会一一列举。 有一些特定于烷烃的命名规则。

Alkenes can be made into alkanes and alkynes can become either alkenes or alkanes depending on how many atoms are added.

烯烃可以转为烷烃，而炔烃则可以根据添加的原子数量变成烯烃或烷烃。

The first is the kind that made alkane the most common fuel for combustion or burning.

第一种使烷烃成为最常见的燃烧或燃烧燃料。

But there are 3 types of alkane reactions that are important enough for us to cover right now right here.

但是有 3 种类型的烷烃反应非常重要， 我们现在就在这里进行介绍。

It's a polymerized alkene, but the molecule itself is an alkane.

是聚合烯烃， 但分子本身是烷烃。

The final reaction type is dehydrogenation, and it, somewhat obviously, is the removal of hydrogen atoms from alkanes.

最后的反应类型是脱， 从某种程度上来说，是从烷烃中去除原子。

Combustion is the type of reaction that powers your car and your propane grill, even candles among many other alkane fuels.

燃烧是一种为您的汽车和丙烷烤架提供动力的反应类型，甚至是蜡烛和许多其他烷烃燃料。

Now suppose you have more than one of the same size group attached to the same chain, like two methyl groups on the same alkane.

现在假设您有多个相同大小的基团连接到同一条链上，例如同一烷烃上的两个甲基。

So three words representing three different groups of organic compounds: alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

所以三个词代表三种不同的有机合物组：烷烃表示单键，烯烃表示含有双键，炔烃表示含有一个或多个三键。

If you paid attention, you learned that hydrocarbons with double bonds are called alkenes and those with triple bonds are called alkynes and that the naming rules are the same as for alkanes.

如果你注意听了，你应该知道带有双键的碳合物称为烯烃， 带有三键的称为炔烃， 而且们的命名规则与烷烃相同。

So alkanes with 5 to 18 chains of carbon atoms like octane and gasoline are liquids at room temperature and those with more than 18 carbon atoms like paraffin or other waxes are solids.

因此，具有 5 到 18 个碳原子链的烷烃（如辛烷和汽油）在室温下是液体，而那些具有超过 18 个碳原子的烷烃（如石蜡或其他蜡）是固体。