It's a facultative anaerobe so that means it can undergo respiratory and fermentative metabolism.

是兼性厌氧，这意味着可以经历呼吸和发酵代谢。

Clostridia, as a family, are obligate anaerobes, meaning that oxygen is toxic to them.

梭状芽科为专性厌氧，即氧气对其有毒害作用。

Alright, as a quick recap, Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe that resides in the soil.

得！我们快速复习一下：产气荚膜梭是革兰氏阳性、有芽孢的厌氧，通常居于土壤中。

Finally, culturing Clostridium tetani is very difficult because anaerobes are notoriously difficult and slow to grow.

最后，破伤风梭培养非常困难，因为厌氧的长是出了名的困难和缓慢。

Anaerobes, clostridia included, tend to lack the enzymes catalase or superoxide dismutase, so oxygen is actually toxic to them.

厌氧（包括梭）一般都缺乏过氧化氢酶或超氧化歧化酶；因此氧气对他们有毒害。

It's non-motile and doesn't form spores, and also, it's a facultative anaerobe, meaning that it can live with or without oxygen.

没有运动能力，也不会形成孢子，同时，也是兼性厌氧细，意味着可以在有氧或无氧的条件下存。

The entire environment might have too much oxygen, which is pretty bad for facultative anaerobes like Bifidobacterium to actually thrive.

整个环境可能氧气过多，这对像双歧这样的兼性厌氧的长非常不利。

That's where a person is placed in a hyperbaric chamber, which contains 100% oxygen, because that amount of oxygen is deadly to Clostridium perfringens and other anaerobes.

患者身处含100%氧的高压舱内，因为100%氧气对于产气荚膜梭以及其他厌氧属于致死量。

I think most people will be familiar with the idea that we are obligate anaerobes, which in English means we cannot survive without oxygen.

我认为大多数人会明白， 我们是强制性需氧，也就是说我们不能在没有氧气的情况下存。

This can happen when wounds are made by dirty, sharp objects, that come into contact with soil that's rich with Clostridium perfringens and other anaerobes, like gardening or farming equipment.

当伤口由如园艺或农场工具等土壤污染的锐器造成时，会发感染，是因为土壤可能富含产气荚膜梭以及其他厌氧。

All right as a quick recap, Clostridium tetani is a sporulating, gram-positive, bacillus anaerobe that makes the toxin tetanospasmin, which causes tetanus by disrupting the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters from Renshaw cells.

得！快速复习一下：破伤风梭是一种产芽孢的革兰氏阳性厌氧棒状，能够产引起破伤风的罪魁祸首破伤风痉挛毒素；该毒素通过干扰闰绍细中抑制性神经递质的释放而致病。