Clostridia, as a family, are obligate anaerobes, meaning that oxygen is toxic to them.

状芽胞杆科为专性厌，即气对其有毒害作用。

Anaerobes, clostridia included, tend to lack the enzymes catalase or superoxide dismutase, so oxygen is actually toxic to them.

厌（包括）一般都缺乏过化氢酶或超化物歧化酶；因此气对他们有毒害。

Finally, culturing Clostridium tetani is very difficult because anaerobes are notoriously difficult and slow to grow.

最后，破培养非常困难，因为厌的生长是了名的困难和缓慢。

It's a facultative anaerobe so that means it can undergo respiratory and fermentative metabolism.

它是兼性厌，意味着它可以经历呼吸和发酵代谢。

Alright, as a quick recap, Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe that resides in the soil.

得！我们快速复习一下：产气荚膜是革兰氏阳性、有芽孢的厌，通常居于土壤中。

It's non-motile and doesn't form spores, and also, it's a facultative anaerobe, meaning that it can live with or without oxygen.

它没有运动能力，也不会形成孢子，同时，它也是兼性厌细，意味着它可以在有或无的条件下生存。

That's where a person is placed in a hyperbaric chamber, which contains 100% oxygen, because that amount of oxygen is deadly to Clostridium perfringens and other anaerobes.

患者身处含100%的高压舱内，因为100%气对于产气荚膜以及其他厌属于致死量。

This can happen when wounds are made by dirty, sharp objects, that come into contact with soil that's rich with Clostridium perfringens and other anaerobes, like gardening or farming equipment.

当口由如园艺或农场工具等土壤污染的锐器造成时，会发生感染，是因为土壤可能富含产气荚膜以及其他厌。

All right as a quick recap, Clostridium tetani is a sporulating, gram-positive, bacillus anaerobe that makes the toxin tetanospasmin, which causes tetanus by disrupting the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters from Renshaw cells.

得！快速复习一下：破是一种产芽孢的革兰氏阳性厌棒状杆，能够产生引起破的罪魁祸首破痉挛毒素；该毒素通过干扰闰绍细胞中抑制性神经递质的释放而致病。