These parasympathetic neurons make the rectum contract and the internal anal sphincter relax.

这些副交感神经元可以直肠收，肛门内括约肌松弛。

During life's three billion-plus year journey on Earth, anal evolution happened independently many times in different branches of life.

在生命在地球上 30 亿多年的旅程，肛门进化在不同的生命分支独立发生了许多次。

16 and 18 have been associated with cervical cancers and other types of cancers, including anal cancer and penile cancer.

HPV 16 型 18 型与宫颈癌及其他癌症（如肛门癌阴茎癌）相关。

The gastrointestinal tract is made up of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and finally the anal canal.

消化道的构成包括：口腔、咽、食管、胃、小肠、大肠以及肛管。

Over time, Crohn's disease can lead to other complications, including bowel obstruction, ulcers, fistulas, anal fissures, malnutrition, and other health problems.

随着时间的推移，克罗恩病可能导致其他发症，包括肠梗阻、溃疡、瘘管、肛裂、营养不良其他健康问题。

Symptoms of cauda equina include decreased bowel and bladder control due to a decreased tone of anal sphincters and muscle wall of the bladder and decreased sexual function.

马尾神经综合征的症状，包括排便膀胱控制能力；这是由于肛门括约肌膀胱壁肌肉张力下降引起的，以及性功能下降。

The kidneys belong to the element water; they are called jen and kuei, and they are anal- ogous to the black emperor of the north.

肾脏属于水元素；它们被称为‘壬’‘癸’， 类似于北方的黑帝。

More familiarly, it is the holobiont nature of dogs, and also hyenas and other carnivores with anal glands, that enables them to communicate via scent marks.

更为人熟知的是， 狗、鬣狗及拥有肛腺的其他食肉动物的共生体特性，它们能够通过气味标记进行交流。 它们以此方式留下的气味， 是由细菌对这些腺体分泌物的降解作用产生的。

Fart also has a relative in Ancient Greek  and that brings us on to one of the many clandestine anal excretions buried  in our language: the word partridge.

放屁一词在古希腊语也有一个同源词，这引出了我们语许多隐秘的肛门排泄物之一：鹧鸪这个词。

It's related to anal retentive fixation, which is supposedly the result of unresolved conflicts between you and your caregivers during potty training But like so many things Freud thought it's kind of bogus.

这与肛门固着有关，据说这是源于便盆训练期间，你与看护者之间未解决的冲突。但像弗洛伊德认为的很多事情一样，这非事实。

Meanwhile, signals are sent to the brainstem and thalamus, and when these decide the right moment has come, they allow the external anal sphincter to relax - and feces goes, hopefully, into the toilet bowl.

直肠发出的信号同时也发送到了脑干丘脑；当它们认定“时机成熟”时，便会下达指令肛门外括约肌松弛；粪便就能——不出意外的话——顺利排入马桶。

There's a level of hoarding and control issues that come from people that are, and people call this show, and they're so anal, and they're just like, oh my God, chill, you're okay.

确实，还有那些极端节约的人， 对吧？ 这些人往往伴随着囤积控制欲的问题，人们称这种现象为“强迫症” ，他们过于拘谨， 旁人看着都觉得，天哪，放松点，你这样挺好的。 但他们就是在这方面绷得太紧，这对心理健康不利。

So, for instance, there's no evidence that oral and anal characteristics, the personality characteristics I talked about – about being needy versus being stingy – relate in any interesting way to weaning or toilet training.

因此，例如，没有证据表明口腔肛门的特征，我谈到的性格特征——关于需要吝啬——以任何有趣的方式与断奶或如厕训练相关。

After 25 years, they were successful in developing the HPV vaccine, which first became available in 2006 and is now widely used to protect against cervical and anal cancers and some kinds of mouth and throat cancer.

经过25年的努力， 他们成功研发了HPV疫苗，该疫苗于2006年首次问世， 现已被广泛用于预防宫颈癌、肛门癌以及某些类型的口腔咽喉癌。

If it starts to rot, or you start to snack on this body, you'll have to cover the stench of decomposition with your own anal secretions so that other hungry, desperate, overworked parents don't come looking for your lunch.

如果开始腐烂， 或者你开始啃食这具尸体，你就得用自己的肛门分泌物来掩盖腐败的气味， 以免其他饥饿、绝望、劳累的父母前来抢夺你的午餐。