Rather, they cover isolated forms of the genes, which have been identified, snipped from the genome and chemically modified to make them analysable in a laboratory.

恰恰相反，专利涉及的是这些因的因，已被测定的因是从因组中剪出来经化学方法修饰后可用于实室实的一类因。

Hence the occurrences which are CALLED knowledge of the past are logically independent of the past; they are wholly analysable into present contents, which might, theoretically, be just what they are even if no past had existed.

因此，被称为过去知识的事件在逻辑上独立于过去；它们完全可以为现在的内容，从理论上讲，即使过去不存在，它们也可能就是现在的内容。