Now if we zoom into a cross-section of the rest of the gastrointestinal tract, anywhere from the esophagus till the anus, the walls are typically lined by the same four layers of tissue.

现在，我们把其余消化道横截面放大来看，即从食管到肛管部分，其管壁通常都由相同四层组构成。

But nature's full of exceptions, and strangely, some animals have lost their anuses.

但是自然界充满了例外，奇怪是，有些动物失去了肛门。

The large intestine — consisting of the colon, rectum, and anus — is relatively short, at about one and half meters, and it provides a nice little frame for the small intestine, here at the end of the alimentary canal.

大肠——由结肠、直肠和肛门组成——相对较短，大约 1.5 米，它为肠提供了一个漂亮架，在消化道末端。

In fact, the enteric nervous system, which is an extensive mesh-like network of neurons that controls your entire digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus, doesn't even require the brain at all.

事实上，肠道神经系统是一个由神经元组成网状网络，控制着从食道到肛门整个消化道，它甚至不需大脑控制。

Unlike its cousin, ulcerative colitis, which only affects the large intestine, Crohn disease causes inflammation and tissue destruction anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus.

虽与溃疡性结肠炎同属炎症性肠病，但溃疡性结肠炎只侵犯大肠，而克罗恩病能引起胃肠道任何部位炎症和组，上至口腔，下达肛门。

Instead, from the gut, bacteria get to the rectum, anus and eventually colonizes the perineum, becoming part of the normal flora.

相反，细菌由肠道到达直肠、肛门，最终定居于会阴，成为正常菌群一部分。

As varied as the animal kingdom's anuses are, none of them have bones.

尽管动物王国肛门种类繁多，但没有一个肛门是有骨头。

Now, I'm quite sure that you're familiar with the key players here — they're the hollow organs that form the continuous tube that is your alimentary canal, aka the gastrointestinal tract, which runs from your mouth to your anus.

现在，我很确定你对这里关键选手很熟悉——它们是形成连续管子中空器官，也就是你消化道，也就是胃肠道，从你嘴延伸到你肛门。

Treatment is typically surgical resection of the area that's lacking the nerve fibers, and then the healthy end is connected to the anus.

治疗疾病一般行根治手术，切除神经纤维缺失肠段，然后将剩余肠段健康一端连肛门。

Brittle stars and many parasites had ancestors with anuses, but no longer have them.

海蛇尾和许多寄生虫祖先有肛门，但现在已经没有了。

In your mouth, in your esophagus, and at the other end of things, at your anus, you have stratified squamous epithelial tissue, just like your epidermis, to help resist the abrasive action of like, chewing, like corn chips, maybe.

在你嘴里，在你食道里，在东西另一端，在你肛门里，你有分层鳞状上皮组，就像你表皮一样，帮助抵抗研磨作用，比如咀嚼，比如玉米片，也许。

We — and all animals from the simplest worms on up the Tree of Life — are really just tubes, corridors of tissue running from a mouth to an anus.

我们——以及生命之树上最简单蠕虫——实际上只是管子，从嘴到肛门组走廊。

In fact, the enteric nervous system, which is an extensive mesh-like network of neurons that controls your entire digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus, doesn’t even require the brain at all.

事实上，肠神经系统是一个广泛网状神经元网络，控制着从食道到肛门整个消化道，它甚至根本不需大脑。

The most widely-used definition of deuterostome has to do with how our mouths and — the SciShow comments’ favorite term — anuses develop.

后口动物最常用定义与我们嘴巴和——科学秀评论区最爱术语——肛门是如何发育有关。

Specialized tube feet can be used for feeding and respiration, though many sea cucumbers actually breathe through their anuses.

专门管脚可用于进食和呼吸，尽管许多海参实际上是通过肛门呼吸。

Anatomically, the digestive system consists of a 30-foot long, mucous membrane-lined tube beginning with the mouth, where food enters the body, and ending with the anus, where solid waste is excreted.

在解剖学上，消化系统由一个30英尺长内面由粘膜覆盖管道组成，食物从管道起始处-口进入体内，固体代谢废物在管道末尾处-肛门排泄出去。

By loosening the attachments of internal tissues then quickly softening and contracting their muscles, many species are capable of shooting a wide range of organs out of their anuses.

通过松开内部组附着物，然后迅速软化和收缩它们肌肉，许多物种都能够从它们肛门中射出范围广泛器官。

The rectum serves as a reservoir for feces. It terminates in the lower opening of the gastrointestinal tract, the anus, which is the external opening through which feces are released from the body.

直肠作为粪便容器，终止于胃肠道下部开口，即肛门，肛门是粪便从身体排出外部开口。

Certain species of crabs and pearlfish take advantage of this rhythmic action and, once the sea cucumber's anus is dilated, they shimmy in and take shelter.

某些种类螃蟹和珍珠鱼利用这种有节奏动作，一旦海参肛门扩张， 它们就会潜入并躲避。

Extending from the end of the ileum to the anus, it is divided into four parts: cecum, colon, sigmoid colon and rectum.

大肠从回肠末端延伸到肛门，并分为四个部分：盲肠，结肠，乙状结肠和直肠。