In some species, such as aphids, the flightless morph lacks wings and is called the apterous morph.

一些昆虫种类，如蚜虫，出现体，被称为型。

Compared with virginoparae, the genetic relationship between fundatrix and the first generation of virginoparae (apterous) produced by fundatrix (apterous) was much close.

③干母和干传关系很近,但孤蚜已与二者有分化.