The brownness is due to this mix of unconjugated or hydrolyzed bilirubin and phospholipids.

石的褐色源自未胆红，或水解的胆红，和磷脂的混物。

Since it's the bilirubin in bile, we'd maybe assume that they're made of conjugated bilirubin, right?

由于是胆汁中的胆红，我们大概会认为它们是由胆红构成的，对吧？

I thought there was only conjugated bilirubin in bile?

这是怎么回？难道胆汁里不是只有胆红？

Usually though, bile salts bind up the calcium ions and keep them from binding with and precipitating unconjugated bilirubin.

通常情况下，胆盐会钙离子，以此阻止钙离子与胆红并沉淀。

Well, actually pigmented gallstones are made of unconjugated bilirubin.

，实上胆红石是由胆红构成的。

Alright, so the other type is bilirubin or pigmented gallstones.

胆红石，或称胆色石。

Jaundice actually occurs when your blood contains an excess of the molecule bilirubin.

当您的血液中含有过量的胆红分子时， 就会出现黄疸。

She was asymptomatic, and her bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were normal.

她无症状，胆红、碱性磷酸酶及谷氨酰转肽酶水平均正常。

And the doctors there didn't even know what a high bilirubin was, and I passed.

那里的医生甚至不知道高胆红是什么，但我通过了检查。

These ones, again, are pretty self-explanatory and are made mostly of bilirubin and therefore are pigmented.

这类石，顾名思义，主要由胆红构成，因此含有色。

In addition, serum amylase, lipase and bilirubin might sometimes be elevated.

此外，血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胆红有时可能升高。

Bilirubin is a yellowish waste compound that’s produced when old red blood cells are broken down.

胆红是一种淡黄色的废物化物，是在旧红细胞分解时产生的。

These are made when there's too much bilirubin in the bile and it has combined with calcium to form the solid precipitate calcium bilirubinate.

当胆汁中含有过量胆红时会形成此类石，由胆红与钙形成固体沉淀物胆红钙。

He had high bilirubin levels in his blood, which is generally harmless on its own, but it was enough to flunk the physical.

他的血液中胆红水平偏高，这通常本身并无害处，但已足以导致体检不格。

Although cirrhosis usually affects adults, even newborns can have complications like jaundice, or buildup of bilirubin in the blood, on account of poor excretion by the liver.

尽管肝硬化多见于成年人，但新生儿也可有相应并发症，如黄疸，或由于肝脏代谢不良导致血液中淤积胆红。

It manufactures blood proteins, destroys old erythrocytes and releases bilirubin, removes poisons (detoxificatien) from the blood, stores and releases glycogen needed by the body.

它生产血浆蛋白，破坏衰老的红细胞并释放胆红，从血液中去除毒（解毒作用），储存和释放身体所需的糖原。

Frequently affected organs include the liver, where the bacterial toxins damage liver sinusoids and hepatocytes, causing bilirubin to spill into the bloodstream - which clinically translates as jaundice.

肝脏是常见的受累器官，细菌释放的毒破坏肝窦及肝细胞，导致胆红释放入血液循环，在临床上表现为黄疸。

Recycling of that heme group yields unconjugated bilirubin, which at high concentration can cause scleral icterus, jaundice, and bilirubin gall stones.

亚铁血红的循环利用会产生胆红，其浓度过高会导致巩膜黄染、黄疸与胆红胆石。

Well the vast majority is conjugated, but there is a small amount of unconjugated bilirubin in bile, only about 1-2% of total bilirubin, which is only 1% of bile.

其实胆汁中绝大部分是胆红，但仍有少量的胆红，仅占总胆红的1-2%，占胆汁的1%。

And he was turning yellow and then orange with jaundice, with these high levels of bilirubin and just started to scratch and claw and was really, really miserable.

由于黄疸，胆红含量很高，他的皮肤颜色变黄，后变成橙色，他开始抓挠，真的常常痛苦。