Major types include stratovolcanoes which often appear as tall steep mountains, shield volcanoes which are flatter and dome-shaped, calderas which are large depressions in the ground and mid-ocean ridges which are underwater chains of volcanic mountains.

层状，通常看起来像陡峭的高；盾状，平坦呈圆顶状；口，地面上的大洼地；大洋中脊，海底的脉。

On June 15th, just after midday, the eruption of Mount Pinatubo commenced and lasted nine hours causing numerous major earthquakes due to the collapse of the land at the top of the mountain and the creation of a huge caldera.

6月15日中午刚过，皮纳喷发，持续了9个小时，由于顶的地面坍塌，形成了一个巨大的口，引发了多次大地震。

OK, what on earth is the Caldera made out of to make it that tall?

好吧，口辣酱到底是什么做的，让它辣度这么高？

We've made it to Deception Island which is the Caldera of the volcano.

我们到达了迪塞普逊岛，的破口。

The most famous attraction in Flores is the Kelimutu volcano caldera, which has three lakes fed by volcanic gas that change color according to the amount of oxidation in the water.

弗洛勒斯最著名的景点是“克利穆口”，它有三个湖，由气体构成，气体会根据水中的氧化程度改变颜色。

Interestingly it's composed of we think three separate volcanos or at least it's erupted in three different ways, if you...fly over the top you see three separate calderas.

有趣的是，我们认为它是由三座组成的，或至少以三种不同的方式喷发，如果你...在它顶上飞过，你会看到三个分的口。

Under this caldera, pressure starts building again until the volcano gathers enough energy for another supereruption – but this could take hundreds of thousands of years.

在这破口下方压力再次聚，直到集结足够的能量发生下一次超级爆发，但这可能需要数十万年的时间。

If anybody actually survived this, climbing Everest would be a whole new experience, and probably a lot easier to accomplish as a much smaller and hollowed out caldera.

如果真的有人能够幸免于难，攀登珠峰将是一个全新的体验，也可能会变得更加容易完成，因为它变得更小，且成为了一个中空的破口。

Last year the International Union of Geological Sciences, in collaboration with UNESCO, included the caldera of Santorini in its first list of top 100 Geological World Heritage Sites.

去年，国际地质科学联合会与联合国教科文组织合作，将圣托里尼口首次列入了世界地质遗产100强名单。

And massive caldera at some of it could easily swallow greater London, Paris and New York.

一些巨大的口喷能轻易地吞下伦敦、巴黎和纽约。

The landslide and collapsing walls likely let seawater, air, and other atmospheric gas flood into the crumbling caldera, reacting with the magma inside.

体滑坡和坍塌的墙体有极大可能让海水、空气和其他大气气体涌入崩塌的口，与内部岩浆发生反应。

It was when satellite imagery started to become available that we saw Yellowstone as this huge, huge volcanic caldera.

直到卫星像普及，我们才看到黄石其实是一个巨大的口。

At only half the size of Mount Everest, it was once a 4,000 meter tall stratovolcano which melted down to a 1109 meter deep caldera.

它只有珠峰的一半大小，曾是 4000 米高的成层融化成 1109 米深的破口。

Santorini is of course famous for its breathtaking crescent-shaped caldera, half of which is submerged – making it the only sunken caldera in the world.

圣托里尼当然以其令人惊叹的新月形口而闻名，其中一半被淹没，这使其成为世界上唯一的沉没口。

It left behind a caldera spanning 20km and it caused the entire Southern Hemisphere to undergo a period of abrupt cooling.

爆发形成的破口有二十公里宽，并导致整个南半球进入一段突然的降温期。

As the sun begins to set behind the caldera's cliffs, the sky transforms into a vivid display of red, orange, and pink hues.

当太阳在口悬崖背后落时，天空变成红色、橙色和粉色色调的生动画面。

The caldera is 48 by 72 kilometers.

口长 48 x 72 公里。

But Yellowstone is situated on this giant Yellowstone caldera which is kind of like that.

但黄石公园坐落于巨大的黄石口上，有点像那样。

Caldera Lab creates high-performance men's skincare by combining pharmaceutical-grade science, nature's purest and most potent ingredients, and sustainable business practices I've been using Caldera Lab's base layer every day, and I just have overall smoother, healthier-looking skin.

Caldera Lab 通过结合制药级别的科学、大自然最纯净且最有效的成分， 以及可持续的商业实践，打造出高性能的男士护肤产品。我每天都在使用 Caldera Lab 的基础护肤系列，皮肤整体变得更加光滑、看起来更健康。

Both are clues that the volcanoes are connected by one big caldera, a massive crater that forms when a very large magma chamber in a volcano explodes and empties.

两者都是由一个大口连接的线索，一个巨大的口是在中一个非常大的岩浆室爆炸并排空时形成的。