And resiniferatoxin, or RTX for short, does what capsaicin does, just better.

树脂毒素，或者简称 RTX，和辣椒素一样，而且效果更好。

And the more capsaicin there is, the more intense that burning sensation.

辣椒素摄越多，灼烧感就越强烈。

Consuming this much capsaicin would certainly end up with you being sent to the hospital.

吃下这么多辣椒素，结局肯定是会被送进医院。

And, most importantly, birds are insensitive to the sting of capsaicin.

最重要是，鸟类对辣椒素刺痛不敏感。

But some rats also got a pinch of capsaicin.

不过中一些还进食少许辣椒素。

The chemical in peppers that causes the burn is called capsaicin.

辣椒中起灼烧感化学物质被称为辣椒素。

Chiles, the flavorful backbone of many spicy dishes, contain the compound capsaicin, which binds to those receptors when eaten and then sends a pain signal to the brain, as Dr Julius discovered in his Nobel Prize-winning work on the topic.

辣椒是许多辛辣食物主料，中含有复合辣椒素，在人们食用辣椒时，辣椒素会与神经受体相结合，然后向大脑发送疼痛信号，这是 Julius 博士在他诺贝尔奖获奖作品中发现。

The Scoville scale was invented by pharmacologist, Wilbur Scoville in 1912 to measure the spiciness of peppers and chilies generally related to their capsaicin, the chemical that makes them spicy.

斯科维尔量表是药理学家威尔伯·斯科维尔发明，他1912年用来测量辣椒和辣椒辣度，通常是辣椒素，这是使它们变辣化学物质。

He then introduced these fragments into other cells, to encourage them to manufacture the relevant protein fragments. That done, he tested the modified cells for sensitivity to capsaicin.

然后，他将这些片段他细胞，以刺激它们制造相关蛋白质片段。完成后，他测试了转基因细胞对辣椒素敏感性。

Today we also have anesthetics, which numb the skin of all feeling, counterirritants like capsaicin, extracted from chili peppers, and antihistamines and steroid creams, just to name a few.

如今我们也有麻醉剂，可以麻木所有感觉皮肤，抗刺激剂，如辣椒素，从辣椒中提取，抗组胺药和类固醇霜，仅举几例。

Chinese chilies as well as cayenne, jalapeno and habanero peppers derive their firepower from a compound known as capsaicin, which often causes tongue numbing and increased perspiration.

中国辣椒以及卡宴辣椒、墨西哥青辣椒和哈瓦那辣椒火力来自一种被称为辣椒素化合物，这种化合物通常会导致舌头麻木和出汗增加。

STEP 4 Eat something with hot peppers. They contain capsaicin, the chemical that makes your nose run when you eat something spicy.

吃一些有辣椒食品。中含有辣椒辣素，这种化学物质可以让你鼻腔通畅。

Julius, he started out wanting to know what the capsaicin, the molecule in chili peppers why it makes us sweat and feel hot.

朱利叶斯，他一开始想知道辣椒素是什么，辣椒中分子为什么它会让我们出汗，感觉热。

So what makes a chili pepper hot is the capsaicin oils that are inside of it, right?

那么辣椒之所以辣，是因为里面辣椒素油，对吧？

The subjects were then given food kicked up with capsaicin, which puts the heat in chili peppers.

实验者随后食用提取自辣椒辣椒素，并且强度越来越大。

Do you know what capsaicin is?

你知道辣椒素是什么吗？

One of the most commonly known is capsaicin which is found in chili peppers.

最为人所熟知中一种就是辣椒里辣椒素。

For example, one study found that taking a daily supplement of capsaicin sped up metabolism, where participants burned the equivalent of an extra 200 calories per day over a 14-week period.

有研究显示，每天补充辣椒素可以加快人体新陈代谢，实验参与者在 14 周时间内每天多燃烧相当于 200 卡路里热量。

Using this scale, a jalapeno is about 2,500 to 8,000 SHUs, a Carolina Reaper is 1.5 to 2.2 million SHUs, and pure capsaicin is 16 million SHUs.

根据这个度量方式，墨西哥辣椒大约是 2500 到 8000 SHU，卡罗莱纳死神辣椒是 1.5 到 220 万 SHU，纯辣椒素是 1600 万 SHU。

Dr Julius's chosen tool for his investigation, which he began in the late 1990s, was capsaicin. This is the active ingredient of chilli peppers.

朱利叶斯博士20世纪90年代末开始了他研究，他选择工具是辣椒素，是存在于辣椒内活性成分。