And resiniferatoxin, or RTX for short, does what capsaicin does, just better.

树脂毒素，或者简称 RTX，和辣椒素一样，而且效果更好。

And the more capsaicin there is, the more intense that burning sensation.

辣椒素摄入越多，就越强烈。

Consuming this much capsaicin would certainly end up with you being sent to the hospital.

吃下这么多辣椒素，结局肯定是会被送进医院的。

And, most importantly, birds are insensitive to the sting of capsaicin.

最重要的是，鸟类对辣椒素的刺痛不敏。

But some rats also got a pinch of capsaicin.

不过其中一些还进食少许辣椒素。

The chemical in peppers that causes the burn is called capsaicin.

辣椒中引起的化学物质被称为辣椒素。

Chiles, the flavorful backbone of many spicy dishes, contain the compound capsaicin, which binds to those receptors when eaten and then sends a pain signal to the brain, as Dr Julius discovered in his Nobel Prize-winning work on the topic.

辣椒是许多辛辣食物的主料，其中含有复合辣椒素，在们食用辣椒时，辣椒素会与神经受体相结合，然后向大脑发送疼痛信号，这是 Julius 博士在他的诺贝尔奖获奖作品中的发现。

The Scoville scale was invented by pharmacologist, Wilbur Scoville in 1912 to measure the spiciness of peppers and chilies generally related to their capsaicin, the chemical that makes them spicy.

斯维尔量表是药理学家威尔伯·斯维尔发明的，他1912年用来测量辣椒和辣椒的辣度，通常是辣椒素，这是使它们变辣的化学物质。

He then introduced these fragments into other cells, to encourage them to manufacture the relevant protein fragments. That done, he tested the modified cells for sensitivity to capsaicin.

然后，他将这些片段引入其他细胞，以刺激它们制造相关的蛋白质片段。完成后，他测试了转基因细胞对辣椒素的敏性。

Today we also have anesthetics, which numb the skin of all feeling, counterirritants like capsaicin, extracted from chili peppers, and antihistamines and steroid creams, just to name a few.

如今我们也有麻醉剂，可以麻木所有觉的皮肤，抗刺激剂，如辣椒素，从辣椒中提取，抗组胺药和类固醇霜，仅举几例。

Chinese chilies as well as cayenne, jalapeno and habanero peppers derive their firepower from a compound known as capsaicin, which often causes tongue numbing and increased perspiration.

中国辣椒以及卡宴辣椒、墨西哥青辣椒和哈瓦那辣椒的火力来自一种被称为辣椒素的化合物，这种化合物通常会导致舌头麻木和出汗增加。

STEP 4 Eat something with hot peppers. They contain capsaicin, the chemical that makes your nose run when you eat something spicy.

吃一些有辣椒的食品。其中含有辣椒辣素，这种化学物质可以让你的鼻腔通畅。

Julius, he started out wanting to know what the capsaicin, the molecule in chili peppers why it makes us sweat and feel hot.

朱利叶斯，他一开始想知道辣椒素是什么，辣椒中的分子为什么它会让我们出汗，觉热。

So what makes a chili pepper hot is the capsaicin oils that are inside of it, right?

那么辣椒之所以辣，是因为里面的辣椒素油，对吧？

The subjects were then given food kicked up with capsaicin, which puts the heat in chili peppers.

实验者随后食用提取自辣椒的辣椒素，并且强度越来越大。

Do you know what capsaicin is?

你知道辣椒素是什么吗？

One of the most commonly known is capsaicin which is found in chili peppers.

最为所熟知的其中一种就是辣椒里的辣椒素。

For example, one study found that taking a daily supplement of capsaicin sped up metabolism, where participants burned the equivalent of an extra 200 calories per day over a 14-week period.

有研究显示，每天补充辣椒素可以加快体新陈代谢，实验参与者在 14 周的时间内每天多燃相当于 200 卡路里的热量。

Using this scale, a jalapeno is about 2,500 to 8,000 SHUs, a Carolina Reaper is 1.5 to 2.2 million SHUs, and pure capsaicin is 16 million SHUs.

根据这个度量方式，墨西哥辣椒大约是 2500 到 8000 SHU，卡罗莱纳死神辣椒是 1.5 到 220 万 SHU，纯辣椒素是 1600 万 SHU。

Dr Julius's chosen tool for his investigation, which he began in the late 1990s, was capsaicin. This is the active ingredient of chilli peppers.

朱利叶斯博士20世纪90年代末开始了他的研究，他选择的工具是辣椒素，是存在于辣椒内的活性成分。