But they're really just positively-charged cations — like calcium, sodium, and potassium — and negatively-charged anions, like phosphate, sulfate, and bicarbonate.

但它们实际上只带正电荷的阳离子——比如钙、钠和钾——和带负电荷的阴离子，比如磷酸盐、硫酸盐和碳酸氢盐。

The sodium, this became a cation, because it's positive.

钠变成了阳离子，因为它带正电的。

Well the purple sodium cation is going to stay the same, but now since we've increased the size of that atom, we've decreased this lattice energy.

紫色钠离子将保持不变, 但由于我们增加了原子的大小, 我们减少了晶格能。

Alkali metals want nothing more than to dump off an electron and form a positive ion, or cation.

碱金属只想释放电子并形成正离子或阳离子。

The pay was not great, the position was at the bottom, the hours were long, and the work consisted of the rather mundane task of looking over patent appli- cations, but Einstein leaped at the chance.

薪酬并不高， 职位处于底层，工作间长， 内容也不过审查专利申请这种相当平凡的任务，但爱因斯坦却毫不犹豫地抓住了这个机会。

There is a slight complicating factor in that modern Chinese texts produced for business purposes, such as contracts, patents or specifi cations, were, in the early years of China's liberalisation, sometimes adapted from English texts.

在一定程度上， 现代中文商业文本，如合同、专利或规范，在中国早期改革开放期有从英文文本改编而来的。

Next, you have the alkaline earth metals - reactive metals, but not as reactive as the alkali metals, forming cations with two positive charges instead of just one.

接下来，你有碱土金属 - 活泼金属， 但不像碱金属那样活泼，形成带有两个正电荷而不一个正电荷的阳离子。

If I were to add 200 of the cations to this we're going to see a different kind of an effect.

如果我向其中添加 200 种阳离子，我们将看到不同的效果。

Sodium, which is going to be the cation.

钠，将成为阳离子。

But the names of these ions change somewhat depending on whether they are cations or anions.

但这些离子的名称会根据它们阳离子还阴离子而有所不同。

And the way I remember this, it's a little bit silly, but if you take that sodium ion, a cation, if you think of a cat, a cat has paws.

就我记忆的方式, 这有点傻, 但如果你拿那个钠离子, 一个阳离子, 如果你想到一只猫, 猫有爪子。

They all form ions readily when they react with non-metals, and when they do, they always lose electrons, forming cations.

它们在与非金属反应很容易形成离子，并且在反应过程中总失去电子，形成阳离子。

Just be sure to put the numerals in parentheses with no space between the cation and the first parenthesis, because trust me, teachers will mark off for that.

务必确保将罗马数字放在括号内，且阳离子名称与第一个括号之间不留空格，因为相信我，老师会因此扣分。

Now I've got a theoretical salt with cations and anions and I'm simply going to lower the Ksp value.

现在我得到了一种含有阳离子和阴离子的理论盐，我只需降低 Ksp 值。

And so we're going to break it apart into its cation and its anion.

所以我们要把它分解成阳离子和阴离子。

And so we're going to have a cation and an anion.

所以我们将有一个阳离子和一个阴离子。

And so the sodium ion, since it's lost an electron, we call that a cation, it has a positive charge.

所以钠离子, 因为它失去了一个电子, 我们称之为阳离子, 它有一个正电荷。