This concentration gradient is extremely important for setting the resting membrane potential of excitable cell membranes, which is needed for normal contraction of smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle.

电化学梯度在可兴奋细膜静息电位形成中十分重要，而平滑肌，心肌还有骨骼肌收缩都需要可兴奋细膜参与。

Animal and plant cells have cell membranes.

动物和植物细都具有细膜。

When it gets there, the bubble surrounding the antibody fuses to the cell membrane.

当抗体到达后，抗体周围会融入细膜。

Inside the cell membrane, cells have smaller parts called organelles.

在细膜内，有着较小细器。

Repeated sickling of red blood cells damages their cell membranes and promotes premature destruction.

反复镰变会损伤红细膜，使其过早破坏。

Solubility is important because your cell membranes are made of lipids.

溶解性很重要，因为细膜是由脂质组成。

To help with this, most cells in the body have a set of proteins that combine together to form something called a major histocompatibility complex, or MHC, class I molecule that sits on the surface of their cell membrane.

全身多数细都有一组蛋白来协助这个过程；这些蛋白结合在一起能形成主要组织相容性复合物（MHC），而MHC Ⅰ类分子就位于细膜表面。

First off, both plant and animal cells are surrounded by a barrier called a cell membrane that allows the cell to decide what kind of molecules it wants to let in or out.

首先，植物和动物细都被一叫做细膜所包围，这允许细决定让什么样分子进出。

Plant Cells Plant cells contain the structures that animal cells contain, that we've just discussed, the nucleus, the cytoplasm and the cell membrane, but they also include lots of extra structures.

植物细植物细包含我们刚刚讨论过动物细所包含结构，即细核、细质和细膜，但它们还包括许多额外结构。

When activated, the insulin receptors cause vesicles containing glucose transporter that are inside the cell to fuse with the cell membrane, allowing glucose to be transported into the cell.

被激活时，胰岛素受体让细内含有葡萄糖转运蛋白囊和细膜融合，使葡萄糖进入细内。

Cytokinesis, the pinching of the cell membrane in animal cells or the formation of the cell wall in plant cells, occurs, completing the creation of two daughter cells.

细质分裂，即动物细中细膜挤压或植物细细壁形成，完成了两个子细产生。

The researchers encapsulated the light-powered structure in a nanosized animal cell membrane coating as of camouflage to prevent the rodent's immune system from rejecting it as a foreign body.

研究人员将光能结构封装在一个纳米级动物细膜涂层中，作为一伪装，以防止啮齿动物免疫系统将其作为异物排斥。

Let's start with the cell wall which is found on the outer surface of the cell membrane and its most important role is to protect the bacteria.

我们从位于细膜外表面细壁开始学习，它最重要作用是保护菌体。

First you've got your motor neurons that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which then binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on muscle cell membranes.

首先，你运动神经元在神经肌肉接头处释放神经递质乙酰胆碱（ACh），然后与肌肉细膜上N胆碱受体相结合。

And so if a cell was filled with water, and it froze, then it could bust the cell membrane, and that would really harm the caterpillar.

如果细充满了水之后冻成了冰，冰就会扎破细膜，伤害毛虫。

Because creatures of the deep ocean have evolved to tolerate so much pressure, their cell membranes tend to liquefy when that pressure is released.

因为深海生物已经进化得能够耐受如此高压，一旦压力消失，它们细膜就会溶解。

Normally, sodium binds with certain types of G-protein coupled receptors, or GPCRs, which are proteins found on cell membranes that help activate cell responses.

正常情况下，钠离子会与某些类型g蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)结合，这受体是发现于细膜上蛋白质，有助于激活细反应。

So the first lecture was about cell membranes and stuff, so his question is, what are some roles of the cell membrane?

所以第一节课是关于细膜之类东西，所以他问题是，细膜一些作用是什么？

Meanwhile, lipid- or fat-soluble molecules, like oxygen and carbon dioxide, can dissolve and then diffuse across the endothelial cell membranes.

同时，脂质或脂溶性分子，如氧和二氧化碳，可溶解并通过内皮细膜扩散。

Sunlight might also be capable of damaging skin cell membranes and put you at a greater risk for certain skin cancers.

阳光也可能损害皮肤细膜，使你罹患某些皮肤癌风险更大。