As an October 2011 study in the New England Journal of Medicine says: " Caloric restriction results in acute compensatory changes, including profound reductions in energy expenditure and levels of leptin and cholecystokinin and increases in ghrelin and appetite."

正如 2011 年 10 月发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一项研究所：“限制会导致急性代偿性变化，包括能消耗、瘦素和囊收缩素水平的显著降低，以及胃饥饿素和食欲的增加。”

Cholecystokinin stimulates acinar cells in the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes that travel through the pancreatic ducts and into the duodenum.

囊收缩素也能刺激胰腺的腺泡细胞产生消化酶；消化酶从胰腺导管排出，进入十二指肠。

The cholecystokinin makes its way to the gallbladder, the thin walled, green sac snuggling up against the liver, and signals it to squeeze out some bile through the cystic and bile ducts into the small intestine.

囊收缩素到达囊（即位于右方肋骨下肝脏后方的梨形囊袋构造），囊在激素信息的指引下开始收缩，将汁通过囊管和管排入小肠内。

Less energy expenditure makes you more lethargic, less cholecystokinin means more hunger, less leptin signalling means more hunger and more ghrelin also means you're hungrier.

更少的能消耗会让人更嗜睡，更少的囊收缩素、更少的瘦素信号以及更多的胃促生长素都会增加饥饿感。

One example is cholecystokinin, which is produced in response to food by cells in the upper small bowel.

一个例子是囊收缩素，它是由上段小肠的细胞在食物刺激下产生的。

Cholecystokinin also slows down the movement of food from the stomach into the intestines.

囊收缩素还会减缓食物从胃进入肠道的运动。