1.The senescent chondrocytes were distributed in the central zone whereapoptotic morphological characteristics obviously appeared, such as pyknosis, karyorrhexis.
1.气管软骨中央带多见衰老的软骨细胞,并见明显核固缩、核碎裂等细胞凋亡形态学特征。
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13.In healthy people, chondrocytes maintain a delicate balance between breaking down old cartilage—called catabolic activity, and producing new cartilage—called anabolic activity, through the use of both degradative enzymes and synthetic enzymes.
在健康的机体内,软细胞在分解老化的软
(分解作用)
产生新的软
(合成作用)之间通过分解酶
合成酶来保持精细平衡。
15.Importantly, mutations in cartilage matrix genes such as COL2A1, COL9A3, COL11A2 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), which are produced by articular chondrocytes, cause chondrodysplasia with early-onset OA.
重要的是,软基质基因如COL2A1、COL9A3、COL11A2
软
寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)的突变,这些基因由关节软
细胞产生,会导致软
发育不良并伴早期发病的
关节炎。机翻
18.How articular chondrocytes, that primarily rely on glycolysis in low oxygen homoeostatic conditions, respond to joint damage and adapt to microenvironmental changes in articular cartilage is an important yet poorly understood question.
关节软细胞主要依赖于低氧稳态条件下的糖酵解,它们如何响应关节损伤并适应关节软
微环境的变化,是一个
常重要但尚不完全理解的问题。机翻
19.MSCs differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, tenocytes, marrow stromal cells, muscle, and perhaps neuronal cells and are being used in early clinical trials to enhance bone marrow grafting and to suppress graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic bone marrow transplants.
MSCs分化成脂肪细胞,细胞,软
细胞,肌腱细胞,
髓基质细胞,肌肉
神经细胞,并用于早期临床试验,以增强
髓移植
抑制同种异体
髓移植中的移植物抗宿主病。