Pachytene This is the stage when homologous recombination, including chromosomal crossover (crossing over) , occurs.

粗线期这是发生同源重组的阶段，包括染色互换。

Mantle cell lymphoma can also result from a chromosomal translocation.

套细胞淋巴瘤也可由染色易位引起。

Ewing sarcoma is associated with chromosomal mutations, specifically a translocation between the EWSR1 gene on chromosome 22 and FLI1 gene on chromosome 11.

尤因肉瘤与染色突变有关，特别是22号染色上的EWSR1基因和11号染色上的FLI1基因之间的易位。

Additionally to the genetic material contained within the nucleoid, many bacteria contain extra chromosomal DNA molecules called plasmids.

除了包含在拟核中的遗传物质外，许多细菌含有额外的DNA分子，称为质粒。

However, older eggs may not fertilize normally and there is an increase of chromosomal abnormalities with age.

然而，较老的卵子可能不能正受精，而且随着年龄的增长染色异也会增加。

In some cases, it's linked to chromosomal abnormalities like Turner syndrome, where an X chromosome is missing.

在某些情况下，它与染色异有关，如Turner征，其X染色缺失。

Burkitt lymphoma can also result from a chromosomal translocation.

伯基特淋巴瘤也可由染色易位引起。

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder where one X chromosome is either completely or partially absent.

特纳征是一种染色疾病，患者内细胞中有一条X染色完全或部分缺失。

During the first cellular division called meiosis I, the chromosomal pairs are separated.

第一次细胞分裂，即第一次减数分裂后，配对的同源染色分离。

Additionally, a karyotype can be done to look for chromosomal abnormalities and specific genetic tests can be ordered if there's a family history of Fragile-X syndrome.

此外，可进行核型分析以寻找染色异，如果有脆性X染色征家族史，可以进行特定的基因检测。

One known mechanism for how a follicular lymphoma develops, is a chromosomal translocation between chromosome 14 and chromosome 18.

一种已知的滤泡性淋巴瘤发生机制，是14号染色和18号染色之间的染色易位。

Eventually, I learned that my daughter had an ultra-rare chromosomal condition called Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome.

最终， 我得知我女儿患有一种极为罕见的染色疾病，称为沃尔夫-赫希洪症。

Chromosomal abnormalities can therefore cause irregular development, or stop embryo growth entirely.

染色异因此可能导致发育不正，或完全停止胚胎生长。

1958. Marthe Gauthier discovers the chromosomal cause of Down syndrome.

1958年，马尔特·高捷发现了唐氏症的染色原因。

One of my favorite examples of this type of chromosomal inversion is from white-throated sparrows.

我最喜欢的这种染色倒位例子之一来自白喉麻雀。

We know that everyone with Down syndrome has extra chromosomal material from chromosome 21, but people with Down syndrome are so varied, not only in their personalities, but in the medical conditions that they get or they don't get.

我们知道， 每位唐氏症患者都携带着来自21号染色的额外染色物质，但唐氏症患者的个差异极大，不仅现在性格上， 还包括他们可能患上或未患上的各种健康状况。

Dr. Bearden works on DeGeorge syndrome, likewise eponymously identified in 1968 and caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 22. Both have counterparts, noted more recently, that result from an extra copy of the labial chromosomal section.

贝arden博士研究德乔治征，该征于1968年以人名命名，由22号染色部分缺失引起。两种征都有较新发现的对应情况，这些情况是由唇部染色区域多出一个拷贝引起的。

There can be multiple things that they do cause that and many times it's completely unknown, but the most common reason that pregnancies end in the first trimester is some sort of a chromosomal abnormality.

可能导致这种情况的原因有很多，很多时候原因完全不明，但导致妊娠在第一孕期终止的最见原因是染色异。

This is a good start, says Greger Larson, a paleogenomicist at Oxford, and it sets the stage for using ancient chromosomal DNA to further refine the story of ancient cats.

这是一个良好的开端，牛津大古生物家 Greger Larson 说，它为使用古代染色 DNA 进一步完善古代猫动物的故事奠定了基础。

And there was another type of test, which was simply a blood test from a pregnant person that looked at biomarkers associated with various chromosomal issues in the fetus.

还有一种检测方式，就是从孕妇身上抽取血液，检测与胎儿多种染色异相关的生物标志物。