1.Dynein also helps force apart chromosomes during cell division.

1.以及在细胞分裂中，提供了机械能协助的分离。”

2.Chromosomes also determine the sex of animals.

2.也决定动物的性别。

3.These translocation lines were generated from homeologous chromosome pairing, or mis-division and reconstruction of univalent chromosomes.

3.易位有的来源于同祖配对交换，有的来源于单价错分裂或断裂的重建。

4.The polytene chromosomes found in the salivary gland cells are among the largest chromosomes known today.

4.唾液腺细胞中的多线是目已知的最大之一。

5.Lysogeny is a semi-permanent association between the phage and host chromosomes.

5.溶源性是噬菌和寄生之间的半永久合。

6.The polymorphy of fronds and chromosome number of Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook.

6.有梗瓶尔小草叶的多形性和数目.

7.If both of a pair of homologous chromosomes are missing, nullisomy results.

7.如果一对同源都缺失了，称为缺。

8.Y chromosome has two types of polymorphism:metacentric (or submetacentric) and acrocentric chromosomes.

8.有中部(或亚中部)和近端着丝粒。

9.In the nucleoplasm chromosomes consisting of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins are present.

9.核质中的由脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和蛋白质构成。

10.Chromomere A small beadlike deeply staining structure seen in chromosomes during prophase of mitosis and meiosis.

10.在有丝分裂及减数分裂的在于上的小念珠状的着深的结构。

11.In plants this is sometimes overcome by the doubling of the chromosome number, giving an allopolyploid.

11.在植物中，这种不育现象有时可因为数目加倍而抵消，产生同源多倍。

12.Another role of siRNA is directing RITS complex to bind with homologue chromosome, and then induces heterochromatinization.

12.除了与RISC结合外，siRNA还引导了RITS复合物结合到同源质，介导异质化过程。

13.There were detestably close synapses between homologous chromosomes during thellateprophase and early metaphase in mitosis of somatic cells.

13.发现在其有丝分裂的晚、中阶段，咯对同源都在进行会。

14.But many primates, including humans, hae a third photopigment, encoded by a second gene on the X chromosome.

14.但是多数灵长类包括人类有着三种感光素，通过在X中的第二种基因编码。

15.In contrast to homoploid hybrid species,polyploid species are easily diagnosed because of chromosome number changes associated with genome doubling.

15.与同倍杂合物种相比，因为与基因组加倍相关的数目的变化,多倍杂合物种很容易判断。

16.At this point esch chromosome consist of a pair of chromatids and the two associated chromosomes are termed a tetrad.

16.此时每条由一对单构成，这两条合的称为四分。

17.These results indicated that a nonhistone protein scaffold really existed and distributed as granules and fibres over the whole chromosomes.

17.骨架在小麦中是真实在的，骨架蛋白以颗粒和纤维状的形式分布于整个中。

18.Karyotaxonomy of parasitic wasps will probably develop in the future through further data accumulation and increasing use of chromosome banding methods.

18.通过核型数据的进一步积累和显带方法的进一步应用，寄生蜂的核型分类学将得到进一步的发展。

19.Karyogram (idiogram) The formalized layout of the KARYOTYPE of a species, often with the chromosomes arranged in a certain numerical sequence.

19.一个种组的固定排列。

20.Polysomy, which includes trisomy, is the condition in which one or more chromosomes are represented more than twice in the cell.

20.多包括三都是一条或多条代替了正常细胞中的两条形成的。