When energy is needed - all three monosaccharides are metabolized through glycolysis, then the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

当机体需能量时，三种单糖就会通过糖酵解、三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化进行能量代谢。

Citric acid doesn't do that, but makes a very clean sour that's more fruity.

檬酸不会这样，但会产生一种非常干净的酸，有水果味。

They put ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium citrate, citric acid, and potassium sorbate on me.

他们给我注射了抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸钠、檬酸钠、檬酸山梨酸钾。

The spices are mixed with lovage seeds and citric acid for a hint of sourness.

加入了复活草檬酸可以增添一点酸味。

This stuff contains mainly citric acid and an enzyme cocktail that help keeps semen liquified -- and thus easier to move and swim through.

这些分泌物主含有檬酸一种混合酶，有助于保持精液液化，从而移动游泳。

But they CAN move into an ionic solution, an ionic solution like a dilution of citric acid, and that is our electrolyte.

但是它们可以在离子溶液里面流动，离子溶液，比如说稀释的檬酸，就是我们的电解液。

Citric acid is a clean sour, but malic acid makes you salivate, this is why lemon lime drinks are often seen as being more refreshing, because your mouth almost instantly becomes wet.

檬酸是一种干净的酸味，但是苹果酸会让你流口水，这就是为什么檬酸橙饮料经常被认为提神，因为你的嘴几乎立刻变湿了。

Blueberries have citric acid in it, so we're adding a dry form of citric acid to this because without it, the blueberry would taste sort of blueberry, but part of the flavor profile would be missing.

蓝莓含有檬酸，所以我们在其中加入了一种干檬酸，因为没有它，蓝莓尝起来有点像蓝莓，但是部分味道会丢失。

It tastes sour because it has a lot of citric acid.

它尝起来很酸因为它含有大量的檬酸。

There is also vinegar or citric acid.

还有醋或檬酸。

And so you don't have to remember the names of these, but this is succinate dehydrogenase and it's a cool enzyme that's used both in the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain.

因此，你不必记住这些名称，但这是琥珀酸脱氢酶， 它是一种很酷的酶， 既用于檬酸循环， 也用于电子传递链。

Next up is citric acid, which is responsible for that bitter taste in oranges, lemons, limes, and lots of other citrus fruits.

接下来是檬酸，它负责橙子、檬、酸橙以及其他许多柑橘类水果中的苦味。

It wouldn't swim towards them, but crucially, it could still swim towards other things roots release, like citric acid.

它不会游向它们，但关键的是，它仍然可以游向根系释放的其他物质，比如檬酸。

I don't know what citric acid is.

我不知道什么是檬酸。

And so in every step of photosynthesis, in every step of cellular respiration, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, all of those chemical reactions remember have to have an enzyme that's associated with them that can speed up that reaction.

因此，在光合作用的每一步、细胞呼吸的每一步、糖酵解、檬酸循环中，所有这些化学反应都需有一种与之相关的酶，能够加速该反应。

So when that's mixed with the citric acid, it kind of creates that same sort of tangy flavor profile, which is awesome.

所以当它与檬酸混合时，它会产生同样的浓郁味道，这太棒了。

In the 1920s and 1930s, biochemists—led by Hans Krebs and Carl and Gerty Cori—began to work out many of the central metabolic pathways of life: the citric acid cycle, glycogenesis and glycolysis, and the synthesis of steroids and porphyrins.

在二十世纪二三十年代，由汉斯·克雷布斯（Hans Krebs）卡尔（Carl Krert）格蒂·科里（Gerty Cori）领导的生物化学家开始研究许多生命的中心代谢途径：檬酸循环，糖原合成糖酵解，以及类固醇卟啉的合成。