Three base codons on the mRNA code for one amino acid.

一个氨酸的 mRNA 上的三个碱子。

The 3 base codes are known as codons. So GGT is a " codon" for Glycine.

这三个碱被称为子。所以 GGT 是甘氨酸的“子”。

The words in which the instructions are written are called codons, and the letters are known as bases.

指令中所写的单词被称为子，单词中的一个个字母被称为碱。

The paper gives some fascinating examples. Evo2 can accurately predict the three-base periodicity pattern of codons.

这篇论文提供了一些引人入的例子。Evo2可以准确预测子的三碱周期性模式。

Sometimes, the third base in a codon can vary without changing which amino acid it codes for.

有时，子中的第三个碱可以发生变化，而不会改变它的氨酸。

The genetic code is a rulebook that defines which codon encodes which amino acid.

是一本规则手册，它定义了哪个子哪个氨酸。

So, for example, the triplet codon TCG encodes the amino acid serine.

因此，例如，三联子 TCG 氨酸丝氨酸。

And this means that most amino acids are encoded by more than one triplet codon.

这意味着大多数氨酸由不止一个三联体子。

And the order of triplet codons in DNA encodes the order of amino acid building blocks in a protein.

DNA 中三联体子的顺序了蛋白质中氨酸组成部分的顺序。

So, for example, the amino acid serine is encoded by six different triplet codons.

因此，例如，氨酸丝氨酸由六个不同的三联体子。

Specifically, we could remove components of the translational machinery, specific tRNAs, that normally read the codons that we've removed from the genome.

具体来说，我们可以移除转化体系的成分，即特定的转运 RNA，它们通常会读取我们从因组中移除的子。

And triplet codons that encode the same amino acid are defined as synonymous codons.

相同氨酸的三联体子被定义为同义子。

For example, does life need six different codons, which all code for the amino acid serine?

例如，生命是否需要六个不同的子，它们都氨酸丝氨酸？

The specific sequence of these bases into groups of three, known as codons, gives our cells instructions to make each of the proteins in our bodies.

这些碱的特定序列分为三个一组， 称为子，为我们的细胞提供指令以制造我们体内的每一种蛋白质。

Recall that the order of triplet codons in DNA encodes the order of amino acid building blocks in a protein.

回想一下，DNA 中三联体子的顺序了蛋白质中氨酸构建块的顺序。

And it's the translational machinery of cells that reads the triplet codons and builds the corresponding sequence of amino acids.

是细胞的翻译机器读取三联体子并构建相应的氨酸序列。

By translating the 1's and 0's of binary code into DNA codons, digital data could be programmed into synthetic DNA, then decoded back into its original form.

通过将二进制代的 1 和 0 翻译成 DNA 子，数字数据可以被程为合成 DNA，然后解回其原始形式。

By changing the order of the triplet codons in the synthetic DNA, we can change the order of the chemical building blocks that we program into the resulting polymer.

通过改变合成 DNA 中三联体子的顺序，我们可以改变我们在生成的聚合物中程的化学构件的顺序。

We asked whether life needs multiple synonymous codons to encode a single amino acid.

我们询问生命是否需要多个同义子来单个氨酸。

Now, the key point here is that we've created a cell that no longer reads all the codons in the near-universal genetic code.

现在，这里的关键点是我们已经创建了一个不再读取近乎通用的中的所有子的细胞。