While convergent knowledge is based on prior knowledge, divergent thinking is based on imagination.

聚敛知识建立在先验知识基础上，而发散思维则建立在想象力基础上。

This is a phenomenon known as convergent evolution.

这就是所谓趋同进化现象。

Dr. Avrum Spira is leading a multidisciplinary team that's taking a convergent approach to target the root cause of the disease and detect lung cancer before it develops to help improve patient outcomes.

阿维鲁姆·斯皮拉博士正在领导一个多学科团队，该团队正在采取一种融合方法来找出这种疾病原因，并在进展成肺癌之前检测出该疾病，以帮助改善患者预后。

And the reason why is because we discovered that songbirds and humans have what we called convergent brain pathways and genes.

我们发现，鸣禽人类脑回路基因都是聚敛型。

According to the reading, convergent evolution is when animals living far apart from each other evolve the same features or characteristics.

据这篇文章，趋同进化是指生活在彼此相距甚远动物进化出相同征。

Convergent thinking is measured by IQ tests, and it involves solving well-defined, rational problems that have one correct answer.

趋同思维由智商测试来衡量，涉及是解决定义清楚、有唯一正确答案理问题。

Once you're done generating many ideas—some of them quite crazy—convergent thinking will help you filter through the options and figure out which solution can be implemented and actually solve your problem.

一旦你产生了许多想法——其中一些非常疯狂——聚敛思维将帮助你过滤选项，找出可以实施解决方案并真正解决你问题。

In fact, convergent thinking works great in combination with divergent thinking.

事实上，聚敛思维与发散思维相结合非常有效。

But for bigger, more complex problems, convergent thinking may be too limited.

但对于更大、更复杂问题，聚敛思维可能太有限。

This type of thinking—called convergent thinking—works great when the problem we want to solve is clear and requires a reasonable solution.

当我们想要解决问题很清楚并且需要合理解决方案时，这种类型思维——称为聚敛思考——非常有效。

Note that it is not to say convergent thinking is always bad.

请注意，这并不是说聚敛思维总是不好。

It's convergent evolution if we and birds have this similar taste for the beautiful.

如果我们鸟类对美有着相似品味，那便是趋同进化结果。

The key to convergent evolution is a similar environment.

趋同进化关键是相似环境。

It's convergent with a lot of things that I also think highly of.

这与我高度认同许多观点不谋而合。

The animal, given the new name Relicanthus daphneae, is a beautiful example of convergent evolution, which is when two life forms from totally different evolutionary branches develop the same traits independently.

这种被命名为瑞丽坎索达芙妮动物，是一个趋同进化美丽例子， 即两种来自完全不同进化分支生命形式独立发展出了相同征。

In the case of these circuits, we consider they evolved in a convergent manner, because although they follow different evolutionary routes, they ended up generating circuits which are very similar.

在这些神经回路例子中， 我们认为它们是以一种收敛方式进化，因为尽管它们遵循了不同进化路径，但最终生成了非常相似神经回路。

And they often wound up repeating some of their body plans, too -- a classic example of convergent evolution, where similar selective pressures can lead to similar physical results.

而且它们经常重复一些身体结构——这是趋同进化经典例子，即相似选择压力可以导致类似物理征。

They argued against the very possibility of evolution, or they argued that any similarities between dinosaurs and birds were a coincidence and the result of what's called convergent evolution.

他们认为进化身是不可能，者认为恐龙与鸟类之间任何相似之处都只是巧合，是所谓趋同进化结果。

But upstairs in the brain, noradrenaline is very good at creating a very hyper-focused, attentive, narrow, it's sort of very convergent way of thinking to a point.

但在大脑里，去甲肾上腺素非常擅长创造一种高度集中、专注、狭窄思考方式，可以说是一种非常收敛思维方式。

And then all of a sudden, to make sense of those ideas in somebody else's head, you want to be convergent and linear and concrete.

然后突然之间， 为了在别人头脑中理清这些想法，你需要变得收敛、线具体。