My most recent paper on how a cooperative longterm potentiation can map memory sequences in dendritic branches made the cover of Neuron.

我最近撰写的论文 主题是协同性长时程强 何以找出神经元的记忆序列 成功上了《神经元》杂志封面了。

Dendritic cells will then move through the lymph to the nearest lymph node and they'll perform antigen presentation which is where they present those amino acid chains - which are antigens - to T cells.

接着，细胞会通过淋巴转移到最近的淋巴结进行抗原呈递，也就是它们把那酸链（即抗原）呈递给T细胞的地方。

So in a 2009 study, also in Science, researchers infected an area of the mouse's brain with a virus that increased both how readily those neurons would activate, and the number of those neuron-connecting dendritic spines.

因此，在 2009 年的《科学》期刊上的一项研究中，研究人员用一种病毒感染老鼠大脑的一个区域，这种病毒既加了神经元激活的速度，也加了连接触小棘的神经元数量。

Within days, the measles virus spreads through local tissue and is picked up by dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages, and carried from that local tissue in the lungs to the local lymph nodes.

几天之内，麻疹病毒通过局部组织传播，被细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞捕获，并从肺部的局部组织被带到局部淋巴结。

It can get picked up by a dendritic cell which is a type of immune cell that gobbles up foreign particles and presents it to a nearby lymphocyte called a T cell.

一种叫作细胞的免疫介导细胞将识别和吞噬吸入的花粉，进而传递给邻近的一组淋巴细胞：T细胞。

Sometimes, if the infection is spreading, bacteria might find its own way to a lymph node without the help of the dendritic cell.

有时，如果感染扩散开来，没有了细胞的消化，细菌可能会自己找到通往淋巴结的路。

What can happen with asthma is allergens from environmental triggers, like cigarette smoke, are picked up by dendritic cells which present them to a Th2 cell which produce cytokines like IL-4 and IL-5 leading to a number of features of asthma.

哮喘是由环境引发的过敏原引起的，比如香烟烟雾，是由细胞提呈到Th2细胞中，产生细胞因子IL-4和IL-5，从而导致哮喘的许多特征。

They form stronger connections with each other than with other neurons and they develop more dendritic spines: protrusions that help neurons talk to each other.

它们之间的联系比其他神经元更强，而且还发育出更多触小棘，这是帮助神经元相互交流的起。

Macrophages, T-helper cells, and dendritic cells are all involved in the immune response and all have CD4 molecules; therefore they can be targeted by HIV.

巨噬细胞、辅助T细胞和细胞都参与免疫反应，且都有CD4分子，因此它们都是HIV的攻击目标。

So in addition to keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells have also been found to be permissive to Zika virus, meaning they have some sort of receptor or attachment site that basically says, here you go man, come on in.

因此，除了角质形成细胞，成纤维细胞和细胞也容易感染寨卡病毒，因为在这细胞中存在某种受体或附着位点，就像在说，“来啊，进来坐”。

B cells are designed to only react to foreign antigens, and if the dendritic cell presents something foreign, the B cell turns into a plasma cells and starting cranking out antibodies which then flow into the lymph and exit the lymph node.

B细胞仅仅用于对异体抗原起反应，并且如果细胞呈递异体物质，B细胞就会转变为浆细胞，开始制造抗体而抗体随淋巴流出淋巴结。

Unfiltered lymph fluid drains into a nearby lymph node where any pathogen or piece of pathogen is quickly detected by a dendritic cell - a type of antigen-presenting cell that serves up pieces of anything in destroys to other immune cells.

未经过滤的淋巴液注入邻近淋巴结，任何病原体或者它的一部分被细胞迅速发现；细胞是一类抗原呈递细胞，将任何有侵袭性物质的碎片呈递给其他免疫细胞。

At this early point, during what we call acute infection, the R5 strain of HIV, which bind to the CCR5 coreceptor will get into macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells.

早期为急性感染期，与CCR5辅助受体相结合的HIV的R5嗜性毒株进入巨噬细胞、细胞和T细胞中。

The dendritic cell, which is part of the innate immune system, bridges the innate and adaptive immune responses when it presents the antigen to the T cell - part of the adaptive immune system.

细胞，作为固有免疫系统的一部分；在呈递抗原给T细胞时，将固有和适应性免疫反应连接了起来（是适应性免疫的一部分）。

The most common co-receptors that HIV uses are the CXCR4 co-receptor, which is found mainly on T-cells, or the CCR5 co-receptor which is found on T-cells, macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells.

最常见的辅助受体包括主要分布在T细胞上的CXCR4辅助受体和分布于T细胞、巨噬细胞、单核细胞和细胞的CCR5辅助受体。

But when a dendritic cell phagocytoses a pathogen for the first time - it's a life-changing, coming of age moment.

但当细胞第一次吞噬病原体时，这会是它改变命运、走向成熟的关键时刻。

Around this point in the infection, immature dendritic cells digest the pathogens and move from the lung tissue over to a nearby lymph node where they present the processed antigen on an MHC II protein to a naive T cell.

在感染进行到这一阶段时，未成熟的细胞会消化病原体，然后从肺组织迁移到临近的淋巴结；在这里它们处理抗原至MHC II类分子，并呈递给初始T细胞。

First, phagocytes trigger the immune response by sending macrophages and dendritic cells into the blood.

首先，吞噬细胞通过将巨噬细胞和细胞送入血液来启动免疫反应。

Then you can process that in a dendritic tree.

然后你可以在中处理这个信号。

And then those branches have these tiny nubs called dendritic spines.

这分支上有着被称为棘的微小起。