They site labor shortages and they call it a disincentive to return to work.

他们认清劳动力短缺现状，并且认为失业救济金遏制了劳动力回归市场。

Poor black health is a disincentive to work that work alone cannot fix.

黑人健康状况差是工作障碍，光靠工作是解决了。

Not only can someone be elected with minimal actual support, but plurality voting creates disincentives for new entrants to compete for fear of spoiling the election by pulling away votes from ideologically similar candidates.

有人可以在实际支持率极低情况下当选，而且多数票制会抑制新加入者竞争，因为他们担心从意识形态相似候选人那里拉走选票而破坏选举。

But instead from the standpoint of the effect of incentives, or disincentives, on the well-being of those on the bottom.

而是考虑这些激励或者抑制对处于社会底层利群体有什么响。

Mr Musk has criticised rivals including Boeing for the structure of their government contracts, which he says disincentive finishing projects on budget and on time.

马斯克批评了包括波音在内竞争对手，称他们政府合同结构利于按时按预算完成项目。

And there's a lot of disincentives to that happening.

这样做有很多利因素。

So it gives you a disincentive to go out and find better paying work.

所以它会让你愿意出去寻找薪水更高工作。

That is the ultimate disincentive to investment and ownership in a league.

那是对联赛中投资和所有权大打击。

There's traditional carrots and sticks and pressures and things you can apply incentives, disincentives.

传统上，胡萝卜加大棒政策、施压手段以及激励和反激励措施都是可行。

But it is creating this very strict regimen of incentives and disincentives in the region.

但它正在该地区制定一套极为严格激励与惩罚机制。

So there's a big disincentive to swapping cars in our state.

在我们州，换车存在很大阻碍。

Yeah, one of the Japanese demographers I was looking at on this a few years ago, His thesis was, no, once it flips, it doesn't flip back, because you've changed all the politics to where people get disincentive.

是，几年前我研究过一位日本人口学家提出，一旦生育率逆转， 它就会再反弹，因为你已经改变了所有政策， 使得人们失去了生育动力。 因此，应当将这种低生育率视为永久性生育水平。

Levying taxes on firms that emit greenhouse gases, and on energy suppliers and producers for the amount of carbon they release into the atmosphere, would act as a disincentive to pollute.

对排放温室气体企业以及根据其向大气中排放碳量对能源供应商和生产者征税，将起到抑制污染作用。

It reflects a high measure of moral bankruptcy, extortion, trying to compel through financial incentives or disincentives the university to decide on the course of its academic direction.

这反映出一种高度道德沦丧和勒索行为，企图通过财政激励或惩罚手段， 强制大学决定其学术方向走向。

There were far too few customs officers, far too few government officials in the area to stop it, which meant there was very little disincentive.

那里海关官员和政府官员远远足，这意味着几乎没有威慑力。

Rather than 'laziness', Rhodes saw 'independence' – and he documented his managerial  attempts to provide them with different incentives and disincentives.

与其说是“懒惰”，罗兹看到是“独立”——并且他记录了自己试图通过提供同激励和惩罚措施来管理他们尝试。

And a disincentive created by showing El Salvador on the television, and this is where we're going to send you.

通过在电视上展示萨尔瓦多画面， 营造一种反向激励，告诉人们这就是我们将要送你们去地方。

At its most extreme, instability undermines certainty about the future and is a disincentive to savers and businesses alike.

在极端情况下，稳定会破坏对未来确信，并且对储户和企业都是一个利因素。

It would create disincentives for railroads to make future investment in new facilities.

这将对铁路公司未来在新设施上进行投资产生抑制作用。

Moreover, the threat of imprisonment is perceived as a powerful disincentive to criminal behavior.

此外，监禁威胁被视为对犯罪行为有力抑制。