However, Legionella has a type IVB secretion system, which uses effector proteins to prevent phagolysosomal fusion.

但是，军团菌有一套IVB分泌统，会利用效应蛋白阻碍吞噬体和溶酶体的融合。

Instead, they run right from the brain almost all the way to their effectors.

相反，它从大脑一直运行到它的效应器。

Even if it's the same chemical. And to an effector, hormonal norepinephrine is just as good as neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

即使是相同的化学物质。对于效应物来说，荷尔蒙去甲肾上腺素和神经递质去甲肾上腺素一样好。

Well, it all depends on the particular kind of receptors that an effector has for receiving that chemical.

嗯，这完全取决于效应器接收这种化学物质的特定受体。

Finally, the integration center sends signals to effectors, which then act to restore homeostatic balance.

最后，整合中心向效应器送信号，然后效应器采取行动恢复体内平衡。

Shifting focus from the adaptive T-cell targets to these innate effectors seems key.

将关注点从适应性T细胞靶点转向这些先天效应细胞似至关重要。

Efferent neurons transmit signals from the CNS to the effector cells and are sometimes called motor neurons.

传出神经元将来自CNS的信号传递到效应细胞，有时为运动神经元。

They found cells with hybrid phenotypes overlapping significantly with traditional resident memory T cells, T-M-E-M, and effector T cells, T-E-F-F.

他具有混合表型的细胞，这些表型与传统的驻留记忆T细胞（T-M-E-M）和效应T细胞（T-E-F-F）显着重叠。

But you gotta wonder — or at least I gotta wonder: how do these neurons and effectors actually communicate with each other?

但是你会好奇，至少我会好奇：这些神经元和效应器实际上是如何相互交流的？

And an effector is just any structure that receives and reacts to a motor neuron's signal, like a muscle contracting or a gland secreting a hormone.

效应器只是任何接收运动神经元信号并做出反应的结构，就像肌肉收缩或腺体分泌激素一样。

From there, the postganglionic fibers are super short — just long enough to communicate with their effector.

从那里，节后神经纤维超短——刚好足够长以与它的效应器交流。

By contrast, most parasympathetic ganglia are found way out from the spine — near, or even inside of their effector organs.

相比之下，大多数副交感神经节在远离脊柱的地方——靠近，甚至在它的效应器官内部。

It's up to those neurotransmitters and hormones, and the receptors on the corresponding effectors, to make sure that everyone is on the same page.

这取决于那些神经递质和激素，以及相应效应器上的受体，确保大家都保持着统一的步调。

Since parasympathetic ganglia are so close to, or even inside of, their effector organs, the preganglionic fibers are a lot longer.

由于副交感神经节如此接近其效应器官甚至在它的内部，节前纤维要长得多。

Once the integration center interprets the signal, it transmits the message to motor neurons, which send an action potential back down your leg, where it reaches an effector.

一旦整合中心解释信号，它就会将信息传输到运动神经元，运动神经元将动作电位送回你的腿，到达效应器。

It's what crosses that final synapse and creates a response in the effector, like opening up blood vessels that lead to the leg muscles.

它穿过最后的突触，在效应物中产生反应，就像打开通向腿部肌肉的血管。

Their ganglia, for example, are located in different places: The sympathetic ganglia are located near the spinal cord, while on the parasympathetic side, they're close to the effectors.

例如，它的神经节位于不同的位置：交感神经节位于脊髓附近，而副交感神经则靠近效应器。

It confirms the NK cell is the indispensable final effector in this specific pathway.

它证实自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）是该特定通路中不可或缺的最终效应细胞。

When they looked closely at the lymphoid cells, so the T cells and NK cells, the natural killer cells, they found notably lower effector states.

当他仔细观察淋巴细胞，即T细胞和自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）时，其效应状态明显降低。

But key effector molecules, the things T cells use to kill target cells, like granzyme B, GZMB, and perforin, were significantly enriched in these HMW aggregates.

然而，关键的效应分子——T细胞用于杀伤靶细胞的物质，如粒酶B（GZMB）和穿孔素，在这些高分子量聚集体中显着富集。