Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette simultaneously cause constriction of blood vessels and damage their delicate endothelial lining, restricting blood flow.

香烟携带的尼古丁和其他化学成分，会使血脉缢缩，同时损伤它们脆弱的内皮细胞，限制血流。

The innermost tunic is called the tunica intima, which includes the endothelial cells, which create a slick surface that minimizes friction for blood moving through it.

最内层者称为内膜，有内皮细胞构成；它们形成了光滑表面，使血液流经时的摩擦降到最低。

Those without endothelial cells failed to create a network of blood vessels.

而有内皮细胞，就无法形成血网络。

These toxins cause endothelial cell damage which creates inflammation along the inner lining of arteries.

这些毒素可以导致内皮细胞损伤，从而引起动脉内壁炎症。

Finally, sometimes the bacteria can even migrate from the bloodstream, and use its toxins to break through the endothelial cells that make up the blood-brain barrier to get into the cerebrospinal fluids or CSF, causing meningitis.

最后，细菌有时可以通过血液循坏进入脑：其释放毒素杀伤血内皮细胞，破坏其构成的血脑屏障，从而进入脑脊液，导致脑膜炎。

So, it starts with a protein called thrombomodulin, which is on endothelial cells that line our blood vessels, and together with thrombin, they form a complex that also includes protein C and protein S.

这一过程从血栓调节开始，它位于血的内皮细胞中，与凝血酶形成一个复合物，其同时也包C和S。

" The main interest from a medical point of view is looking at certain types of tissue, and trying to move from the stage of preserving endothelial cells to preserving whole tissues, " Bryant says.

“从医学的角度来看，主要的兴趣是研究某些类型的组织，并试图从保存内皮细胞阶段转移到保存整个组织。”

The second way is hematogenous spread, which is when a pathogen enters the bloodstream and moves through the endothelial cells in the blood vessels making up the blood-brain barrier and gets into the CSF.

第二种方式是血性传播，这是当病原体进入血流并在构成血脑屏障的血中跨越内皮细胞，从而进入脑脊液。

Preeclampsia is basically caused by endothelial damage, damage to the vascular system, and you can see signs of preeclampsia with platelets dropping with your liver enzymes going up.

子痫前期的主要原因是内皮损伤，即血系统受损，常见的症状包括血小板下降和肝酶升高。

The larger spaces between endothelial cells allows fluid, immune cells and large proteins like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which is found in all cells, to leak out of the capillaries.

血内皮细胞之间的孔隙增大，使血浆、免疫细胞和更大的质，广泛分布于全身细胞内的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）渗出毛细血。

Eventually, the threads actually pull the opposite sides of the wound together, to close the vessel wall, so the endothelial cells can be replaced.

最终，这些线实际上把伤口的相对两侧拉在一起，关闭血壁，所以内皮细胞可以被替换。

A third factor is damage to the endothelial cell lining of a blood vessel which exposes tissue factor and collagen.

第三个因素是血壁的损伤，这使得组织因子和胶原得以暴露。

Another consequence of portal hypertension is that the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels release more nitric oxide.

门静脉高压症的另一种后是血内皮细胞会释放更多的一氧化氮。

HHV-8 is transmitted through sexual contact, and once in the body, it uses the viral glycoproteins on its envelope to enter a wide variety of cells, such as B cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and epithelial cells.

HHV-8通过性接触传播，一旦进入宿主体内，它会利用囊膜上的病毒糖进入多种细胞内，例B细胞、内皮细胞、巨噬细胞与上皮细胞。

Now these free-floating platelets don't clump together during regular circulation — that would be terrible — but when the endothelial cells lining a blood vessel wall tear, the underlying collagen fibers are suddenly exposed.

这些自由漂浮的血小板在正常的血液循环中不会凝结在一起——那太可怕了——但是当血壁内皮细胞撕裂时，其底层的胶原纤维突然暴露出来。

Meanwhile, lipid- or fat-soluble molecules, like oxygen and carbon dioxide, can dissolve and then diffuse across the endothelial cell membranes.

同时，脂质或脂溶性分子，氧气和二氧化碳，可溶解并通过内皮细胞膜扩散。

To do this, the pathogens typically have to bind to surface receptors on the endothelial cells in order to get across.

要做到这一点，病原体通常必须结合到内皮细胞的表面受体以实现跨越。

When the pressure in the interstitial space is less than the pressure in the lymphatic capillary, the endothelial minivalves are pushed shut, keeping the lymph inside.

当间质空间的压力小于毛细淋巴内时，内皮微瓣膜就会关上，保持淋巴在内。

Desmopressin stimulates vWF release from endothelial cells, which promotes the stabilization of the residual factor VIII.

去氨加压素刺激血性血友病因子vWF从内皮细胞释放，这能增强剩余因子VIII的稳定性。

These changes make the endothelial lining more likely to develop blood clots or aneurysms.

这些变化使得内皮细胞内壁更容易形成血栓或动脉瘤。