Microbes in this area break down the food using a process called enteric fermentation.

个区域微生物通过肠道发酵过程来分解食物。

Our second brain is the brain in our gut or the ENS (the enteric nervous system).

我们第二大脑是我们肠道或肠神经系统中大脑。

It's becoming more and more clear now that we won't get there, unless we tackle enteric methane emissions.

在越来越清楚是，除非我们解决肠道甲烷排放问题，否则我们无法实目标。

Through this network of nerve connections, your big brain communicates stress to your enteric, or intestinal nervous system.

通过个系统中神经纤维间联系，你大脑向你肠道，或者说肠神经系统传递了压力信号。

For those of you not au fait with physiology or anatomy, the enteric tract is the nervous system that regulates digestion.

对于那些不熟悉生理学或解剖学来说，肠道是调节消化神经系统。

The scientific name for that is enteric fermentation.

其学名是肠内发酵。

Isn't it called the enteric nervous system?

不是叫肠神经系统吗？

Research suggests that this network, known as the enteric nervous system, contains more than 100m neurons.

研究表明，个被称为肠神经系统网络包含超过 100m 个神经元。

The enteric tracts of waterfowl such as ducks and geese are known to be the reservoirs for all known influenza A viruses.

已知鸭子和鹅等水禽肠道是所有已知A型流感病毒宿主。

Fischman: Those are the enteric neurons.

Fischman：些是肠道神经元。

When the vagus nerve is severed, the enteric nervous system is capable of organizing and initiating its own reflexes for digestion because it has such a complex collection of neurons.

当迷走神经被切断时，因其有如此复杂神经元集合，肠道神经系统有能力组织和启动自己消化反射。

In fact, the enteric nervous system, which is an extensive mesh-like network of neurons that controls your entire digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus, doesn't even require the brain at all.

事实上，肠道神经系统是个由神经元组成网状网络，控制着从食道到肛门整个消化道，它甚至不需要大脑控制。

In fact, there is a brain of sorts in your belly called the enteric nervous system which performs everything from sensing nutrients, measuring acids, and coordinating the immune system to defend your gut.

事实上，在你肚子里有个肠道神经系统，它可以感知营养、测量酸度、协调免疫系统来保护你肠道。

But the enteric nervous system becomes even more interesting when you realize that the microbes in your gut actually produce over 50% of the dopamine found in your body, and 90% of the serotonin.

肠道神经系统有趣地方在于，你会发其实体内50%以上多巴胺和90%血清素是由肠道内微生物释放出来。

In fact, the enteric nervous system, which is an extensive mesh-like network of neurons that controls your entire digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus, doesn’t even require the brain at all.

事实上，肠神经系统是个广泛网状神经元网络，控制着从食道到肛门整个消化道，它甚至根本不需要大脑。

But while this extensive network is constantly sending signals from the brain to your body, scientists have noted that 80-90% of the nerve fibers in the enteric nervous system are actually going from the gut to the brain.

但是，当个大规模网络不断地从大脑向身体发送信号时，科学家们注意到，肠道神经系统中80-90%神经纤维实际上是从肠道到大脑。