But maybe you can explain archaea, and eukaryotes, Alice.

也许你应该解释一下古生菌和真核生物。

Animals are multicellular eukaryotes – complicated lifeforms, that consume organic material, breathe oxygen and live now as the varied and complex creatures we see all around us.

动物是多细胞真核生物，这些复的生命形式，以有机物为食物，呼吸氧气，并以我们所见的形式多样且复的生物而存。

Prokaryotes didn't gradually morph into eukaryotes through a bunch of gradual evolutionary steps.

原核生物不是通过一系列渐进的进化步骤逐渐变成真核生物的。

They are the closest relatives to eukaryotes, according to recent DNA analyses.

根据最近的DNA分析，它们是与真核生物最接近的亲属。

Benjamin Nettersheim, a geobiologist at the University of Bremen in Germany, Jochen Brocks, a palaeobiogeochemist at the Australian National University in Canberra, and their colleagues decided to focus on short-lived molecules that modern eukaryotes make while synthesizing sterols.

德国不莱梅大学的地球生物学本杰明·内特谢姆、澳大利亚国立大学堪培拉分校的古生物地球化学约翰·布洛克斯及其同事决定将重现代真核生物合成类固醇时产生的短寿命分子上。

He said that while fungi are one of the more diverse groups of eukaryotes today, their ancient fossil record is " very scarce" .

他说，虽然真菌是当今最多样化的真核生物群体之一，但关于它们的古老化石记录" 非常稀少" 。

This year, microbiologists took a major step toward understanding the origin of eukaryotes, the group that includes plants, animals, and other organisms with cell nuclei.

今年，微生物学理解真核生物的起源方面迈出了一大步，真核生物是包括植物、动物和其他有细胞核的生物的群体。

The molecules are 1.6 billion years old and hint that eukaryotes were abundant and widespread much longer ago than earlier biochemical evidence had suggested.

这些分子有16亿年的历史，暗示着早之前的生物化学证据所显示的时间之前，真核生物就已经广泛存和繁殖了。

Analysis of fat-like molecules isolated from the rocks suggests that they were made by a previously undiscovered, ancient population of organisms called eukaryotes, the group of living things whose cells typically contain a nucleus and other internal compartments.

从岩石中分离出的脂肪样分子的分析表明，它们是由一种以前未被发现的古老生物群体，即真核生物制造的。真核生物是一类通常包含细胞核和其他内部区域的生物群体。

This absence has led to speculation that before 800 million years ago, eukaryotes were not abundant enough to leave a detectable sterol trace.

这种缺乏导致了一种猜测，即8亿年前之前，真核生物并不足以留下可检测到的类固醇痕迹。

Such modern intermediates might have been the end product for primeval eukaryotes.

这些现代中间体可能是原始真核生物的终产品。

Most modern eukaryotes rely on fat-like compounds called sterols, such as cholesterol, to build cell membranes and carry out other cellular functions.

大多数现代真核生物依靠类似脂肪的固醇类化合物（如胆固醇）来构建细胞膜并执行其他细胞功能。

Researchers have not been able to find traces of the compounds in rocks older than that, despite the existence of fossils of a red and a green alga — both eukaryotes — dating back about one billion years.

尽管存着约10亿年前的红色和绿色藻类的化石（都是真核生物），研究人员却无法比那更古老的岩石中发现这些化合物的痕迹。

Roughly one billion years later, prokaryotes evolved into more complicated eukaryotes.

大约 10 亿年后，原核生物进化成更复的真核生物。

We have isolated around 30 or 40 strains already of unicellular eukaryotes.

马拉 vin：我们已经分离出了大约30到40株单细胞真核生物。

The dominance of bacteria ends and big boy eukaryotes plant their flags in the oceans.

细菌的主导地位结束，大型真核生物海洋中扎下了旗帜。

Eukaryotes are more complex and larger, while prokaryotes are smaller and less complex.

真核生物更为复且体型较大，而原核生物则体型较小且结构较为简单。

Remember mitochondria were bacteria that eventually have been co-opted for use eukaryotes.

记住，线粒体原本是细菌，后来被真核生物征用为其一部分。

This is for eukaryotes, things with nuclei.

这是针对真核生物，即具有细胞核的生物。

So, blue-green algae is a class of eukaryotes.

因此，蓝绿藻是一类真核生物。