Macro questions are things like " What caused the transition from feudalism to capitalism? "

比如“是什么使封社会走向资本？”就是一个宏观问题。

Since then, students in primary schools and high schools have been liberated from the claimed trash of feudalism.

自从这以后，中小学生摆脱了封的束缚。

As a result, students are taught to associate traditional classic books with backwardness of feudalism.

导致老师教授学生的是传统典籍与封制度的结合。

In Europe feudalism and chivalry arrived on horseback, as did Napoleon's troops.

在欧洲，封和骑士精神是骑马而来的，拿破仑的军队也是如此。

A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism.

所以，我们仍需长期的努力，以避免一个数字专制的未来。

They viewed dynamite rather as the way in which muskets helped end the domain of feudalism.

他们把炸药看成是终结了封的毛瑟枪一样。

Historians see enormous political and economic impacts. Worker shortages gave serfs more bargaining power and hastened the end of feudalism.

历史学家看到了巨大的政治和经济影响。工人短缺给农奴们更多的议价能力，加速了封的终结。

It's an internalized feudalism which imagines that only certain people but not oneself, have the right, preordained, to get certain things.

这是一种内心的封制度，认为人而不是自己，才有权利或注定获东西。

This is where capitalism was replacing feudalism.

这就是资本取代封的地方。

Feudalism, which had pervaded Europe in the High  Middle Ages, was witnessing its ultimate demise.

在中世纪盛期遍及欧洲的封正在目睹其最终的灭亡。

Before the plague, Europe was overpopulated – and  feudalism was the norm.

在瘟疫爆发之前，欧洲人口过剩——封是常态。

In feudalism, being a lord or a peasant was a legal matter.

在封制度下，做领或农民是一件合法的事情。

Why didn't they fully adopt feudalism as a means to reinvent the empire?

他们为何没有完全采用封制度作为重塑帝国的一种手段？

With the Norman Conquest, the period of tribal rule was finished and feudalism installed.

随着诺曼征服，部落统治时期结束，封开始立。

With it, the period of tribal rules was finished and feudalism installed.

就这样，部落统治的时期结束了，封开始了。

We are talking about feudalism and capitalism has always been a form of apocalyptic feudalism.

我们正在讨论封，而资本实质上一直是一种末世论的封形式。

During the centuries of feudalism, neither serfs nor nobles were businessmen.

在封制度的几个世纪里，农奴和贵族都不是商人。

The feudalism system was still prevalent, but there were whispers of change in the air.

封制度仍然盛行， 但空气中已有了变革的低语。

King William I changed many parts of  Anglo-Saxon life, mainly because he expanded feudalism in England.

威廉一世国王改变了盎格鲁撒克逊人生活的许多方面，要是因为他扩大了英格兰的封制度。

So a book about the origins of feudalism or a book about the fall of the Roman Republic.

所以，一本书关于封的起源，或一本关于罗马共和国衰落的书。