The central cavity between the body and the arch is called the vertebral foramen.

椎体与椎弓之间的中央空腔称为椎孔。

The facial nerve exits the skull through a tiny hole called the stylomastoid foramen.

面神经由叫做茎乳孔的小洞颅。

Each nerve leaves the spinal canal through the corresponding intervertebral foramen, which are openings between two adjacent vertebrae.

所有神经均通过相应的椎间孔离椎管；椎间孔口于两块相邻椎体之间。

The facial nerve then exits the facial canal and the cranium via the stylomastoid foramen.

然后面神经通过茎乳孔离面管和颅骨。

Most of that blood actually flows through the foramen ovale, an opening between the atria.

大多数血液实际上流经心房间的口卵圆孔。

Soon after birth, the foramen ovale closes and prostaglandin E2 levels fall, causing the ductus arteriosus to close off.

生后不久，卵圆孔、列腺素E2水平下降，导致动脉导管。

Another cause of nerve compression is spinal stenosis, which is the narrowing of the spinal canal or intervertebral foramen.

神经受压迫的另原因是椎管狭窄，即椎管或椎间孔的狭窄。

So we have a look at this little hole here which is called the infraorbital foramen, or whisker holes.

所以我们在这里看看这小孔，它被称为眶下孔，或晶须孔。

Again, I, kind of, wrote some brief notes here, you know, foramen ovale, RA to LA 'cause fetal lungs don't work.

同样地，我在这里写了些简短的笔记，你知道，卵圆孔，从 RA 到 LA，因为胎儿的肺不起作用。

Compression can also be caused by spinal stenosis which is the narrowing of the vertebral foramen in the lumbar vertebrae.

另外，椎管狭窄也可引起压迫；椎管狭窄，顾名思义，指的是腰椎脊髓腔的狭窄。

Blood vessels and nerves come from the jaw bones, and enter the center of the root through a narrow passage, called the apical foramen.

血管和神经从颌骨通过叫做牙根尖孔的狭窄通道进入牙根中央。

In tonsillar herniation, parts of the cerebellum, called cerebellar tonsils, slip down through an opening in the skull called the foramen magnum.

在扁桃体疝中，小脑的部分，即小脑扁桃体，经过枕骨大孔被挤压推颅骨。

The sciatic nerve then passes beneath the piriformis muscle, and through the greater sciatic foramen, which is an opening formed by the pelvic bone, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments.

随后，坐骨神经从下方经过梨状肌，并穿过坐骨大孔；坐骨大孔是由骨盆、骶棘韧带和骶结节韧带共同围成的通道。

After birth, though, when the baby has to use its lungs for oxygen, normally these shunts go away, the foramen ovale closes up and the vessels become ligaments.

生之后，宝宝始用肺呼吸来获得氧气；通常，这些分流会消失：卵圆孔会关，动脉导管和静脉导管变成韧带。

It's formed by the spinal nerves L4, L5 and S1, 2 and 3, which leave the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen, an opening located between the vertebrae and behind intervertebral discs.

它是由脊神经腰4（L4）、腰5（L5）、骶1（S1）、骶2（S2）和骶3（S3）组成；这些神经通过椎间孔离椎管；椎间孔为椎骨之间、椎间盘后方的椎管的口。

Now a myelomeningocele is typically associated with a condition called an Arnold Chiari II malformation, which is where cerebellar and brainstem tissue slip down into the foramen magnum, the opening at the base of the skull.

脊髓脊膜膨通常与小脑扁桃体下疝（Arnold–Chiari）畸形Ⅱ型有关，即小脑和脑干组织从颅腔底部的枕骨大孔疝。

In upward herniation, there's a displacement of the cerebellum upward, through a notch in the tentorium cerebelli, while in tonsillar herniation, parts of the cerebellum slip down through an opening in the skull called the foramen magnum.

小脑幕切迹上疝指的是小脑经过小脑幕切迹被向上挤压；小脑扁桃体下疝指的则是小脑部分组织经过枕骨大孔向下疝。

Some possibilities are having the foramen ovale or ductus arteriosus stay open, or for the baby to have what's called a ventricular septal defect, where there's a shunt between the ventricles —which is actually present in about a third of cases.

也有可能的是卵圆孔和动脉导管仍然放，或者些婴儿有所谓的室间隔缺损，即在室间隔之间有分流，这在大概三分之的病例中是存在的。

During fetal development, when the interatrial septum is being formed, a small passageway called the " foramen ovale" is left open to allow the blood to bypass the non-functional fetal lungs while the fetus obtains oxygen from the mother's placenta.

在胎儿时期，当房间隔正在形成时，残留下被称之为为“卵圆孔”的细小通道，允许血液绕过无功能的胎儿肺，而胎儿是从母亲的胎盘获得氧气。