In today's program, we will explore fricatives.

在今天节目里，我们要探索摩擦音。

Fricative are often a source of confusion for English learners.

摩擦音让很多英语习者感到困。

These are all fricatives, the sounds are coming out slowly and you hear this friction sound.

这些都摩擦音，声音慢慢地发出会听到摩擦声。

To be clear, fricatives mean there is a partial obstruction in the air stream.

清楚地说，摩擦音气流有一部分被阻滞。

Affricates are made up of a stop sound followed by a fricative sound.

破擦音由一个爆破音和后面擦音组成。

And finally, the vociceless fricative or be quiet sound, shhhhhh, present in words such as shower and push.

最后清擦音或“安静”音，出现在诸如 shower 和 push 等词中。

Another way to think of this is stop sound plus fricative sound equals affricate.

另一个思考方法爆破音加上擦音等于破擦音。

Sss, zzz are fricatives. Thh, vvv are Fricatives too.

Sss, zzz 擦音。 Thh, vvv 也擦音。

So fff, and vvv are fricatives.

所以 fff 和 vvv 擦音。

The English alveolar approximant, the Spanish trill, the French uvular fricative?

英国齿槽音、西班牙颤音、法国小舌擦音？

In some cases, voiceless fricatives began to be pronounced like an " f" (e.g. laugh, cough).

在某些情况下，清擦音开始像“f”一样发音（例如笑、咳嗽）。