Fricative are often a source of confusion for English learners.

摩让很多英语学习者感到困惑。

These are all fricatives, the sounds are coming out slowly and you hear this friction sound.

这些都摩，声慢慢地发出你会听到摩声。

And finally, the vociceless fricative or be quiet sound, shhhhhh, present in words such as shower and push.

最后或“安静”，出现在诸如 shower push 等词中。

To be clear, fricatives mean there is a partial obstruction in the air stream.

楚地说，摩指的气流有一部分被阻滞。

Affricates are made up of a stop sound followed by a fricative sound.

破由一个爆破后面的组成。

Another way to think of this is stop sound plus fricative sound equals affricate.

另一个思考的方法爆破加上等于破。

In today's program, we will explore fricatives.

在今天的节目里，我们要探索摩。

The English alveolar approximant, the Spanish trill, the French uvular fricative?

英国的齿槽、西班牙的颤、法国的小舌？

Next are the fricatives, where two parts touch.

接下来摩，其中两个部位接触。

Yeah, that happens because we're trying to make that the that voiced dental fricative, the theta, which how do you pronounce that in UK English theta?

的，这因为我们试图发出那个浊齿 θ（theta）。在英式英语中，θ 该怎么发呢？

All of such sounds are voiced and they are collectively labelled SONORANTS.The stops and fricatives, which have distinction of voicing, are collectively called OBSTRUENTS.

如果不需要区分带声性的话，只用两个词描述即可，如 [m] 双唇鼻，[j] 硬腭通，[h] 声门。鉴于英语只有 [1] 这一个边，既可以称作齿龈边，也可以直接简称为边。在英语元符号的形式上，不同的作者曾使用不同的符号来表示。本书采用主要英语词典中的通用符号体系来转写 RP 的元 (表 2 - 2)，注意这不直接从国际标表中复制的，而基于国际标表的一种适用于英语发描述的变通版本。

The rule reads: a voiced fricative is transformed into the corresponding voiceless sound when it appears before a voiceless sound.

规则如下：浊摩出现在之前时， 将转换为相应的。

So fff, and vvv are fricatives.

所以 fff vvv 。

Sss, zzz are fricatives. Thh, vvv are Fricatives too.

Sss, zzz 。 Thh, vvv 也。

In some cases, voiceless fricatives began to be pronounced like an " f" (e.g. laugh, cough).

在某些情况下，开始像“f”一样发（例如笑、咳嗽）。

Our tongue sticks out between the teeth, which is why it's called a dental fricative and we're vibrating sound.

我们的舌头伸到牙齿之间，这就为什么它被称为齿摩，同时发出振动。

Another type of consonant is a Fricative.

另一种辅摩。

And then we also have the voiceless dental fricative, for example, with like months, where that is sigh.

然后我们还有齿，例如在单词“months”中，这个发的/s/。