So gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.

因此，胃食反流病，即GERD，指由于过多的胃酸反流回食而引起的烧心、反酸等症状。

Most frequently, adenocarcinoma develops as a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD for short.

最常见的一种情况是胃食反流（简称GERD）导致食腺癌。

Finally, at the lower esophageal sphincter, the squamous epithelium joins the columnar gastric epithelium to form the gastroesophageal junction.

最后，在食处，食鳞状上皮移行为胃柱状上皮，形成了胃-食交界。

Heartburn starts in an area called the gastroesophageal junction, where the LES resides.

胃灼热始于一个名为胃食接合部的域，食道位于此处。

Yeah, so sleeping on your left side might be better for people with gastroesophageal reflux.

是的，左侧卧可能更适合胃食反流患者。

Oh, you mean the gastroesophageal reflex?

哦，你是说胃食反流吗？

Obesity can cause hernias that disrupt the antireflux barrier of the gastroesophageal junction that normally protects against heartburn.

肥胖可能导致疝气，破坏胃食连接处的抗反流屏障，而这一屏障通常能防止胃灼热。

That have all of these valves, the epiglottis, the gastroesophageal junction, the pylorus, the ileocecal junction, the rectum.

那些都有这些瓣膜，会厌，胃食结合部，幽门，回盲部，直肠。

For chronic laryngitis, it's important to treat the underlying issue, for example, using allergy medication, avoiding irritating agents, and using gastroesophageal reflux medications.

对于慢性喉炎，处理原发病很重要，比如施用抗过敏药物、避开过敏原以及施用抗胃食反流药物。

Ok, now the most common symptom of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease is pyrosis, also called heartburn, which is a burning pain in the chest, just behind behind the breastbone.

慢性胃食反流病最常见的症状是胃灼热，也叫烧心，是胸骨后烧灼感。

Reflux laryngitis is another cause of chronic laryngitis and develops in people with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease where acid from the stomach goes all the way up the esophagus into the pharynx.

反流性喉炎是另一个慢性喉炎的病因，见于严重胃食反流病的患者：胃酸通过食，向上进入咽部。

Alright, as a quick recap, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a condition where a decreased tone of the lower esophageal sphincter causes an excessive amount of stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

得！快速回顾一：胃食反流病（即GERD）是一种食张力降导致过多胃酸反流回食的疾病。

Even then, how each one of these valves, I'm fascinated by each one of the valves that we talk early on like, the gastroesophageal sphincter or the pylorus or the ileocecal junction.

甚至那时，我对我们在早期讨论的每一个阀门都感到着迷，比如胃食、幽门或回盲瓣。