So gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.

，食管反流病，即GERD，指由于过多的酸反流回食管而引起的烧心、反酸等症状。

For chronic laryngitis, it's important to treat the underlying issue, for example, using allergy medication, avoiding irritating agents, and using gastroesophageal reflux medications.

对于慢性喉炎，处理原发病很重要，比如施用抗过敏药物、避开过敏原以及施用抗食管反流药物。

Alright, as a quick recap, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a condition where a decreased tone of the lower esophageal sphincter causes an excessive amount of stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

得！快速回顾一下：食管反流病（即GERD）一种食管下括约肌张力下降导致过多酸反流回食管的疾病。

Reflux laryngitis is another cause of chronic laryngitis and develops in people with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease where acid from the stomach goes all the way up the esophagus into the pharynx.

反流性喉炎另一个慢性喉炎的病，见于严重食管反流病的患者：酸通过食管，向上进入咽部。

Finally, at the lower esophageal sphincter, the squamous epithelium joins the columnar gastric epithelium to form the gastroesophageal junction.

最后，在食管下括约肌处，食管鳞状上皮移柱状上皮，形成了-食管交界区。

Ok, now the most common symptom of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease is pyrosis, also called heartburn, which is a burning pain in the chest, just behind behind the breastbone.

慢性食管反流病最常见的症状灼热，也叫烧心，就胸骨后烧灼感。

Most frequently, adenocarcinoma develops as a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD for short.

最常见的一种情况食管反流（简称GERD）导致食管腺癌。

Yeah, so sleeping on your left side might be better for people with gastroesophageal reflux.

的，左侧卧可能更适合食管反流患者。

Obesity can cause hernias that disrupt the antireflux barrier of the gastroesophageal junction that normally protects against heartburn.

肥胖可能导致疝气，破坏食管连接处的抗反流屏障，而这一屏障通常能防止灼热。

That have all of these valves, the epiglottis, the gastroesophageal junction, the pylorus, the ileocecal junction, the rectum.

那些都有这些瓣膜，会厌，食管结合部，幽门，回盲部，直肠。

Heartburn starts in an area called the gastroesophageal junction, where the LES resides.

灼热始于一个名食管接合部的区域，下食道括约肌就位于处。

Even then, how each one of these valves, I'm fascinated by each one of the valves that we talk early on like, the gastroesophageal sphincter or the pylorus or the ileocecal junction.

甚至那时，我对我们在早期讨论的每一个阀门都感到着迷，比如食管括约肌、幽门或回盲瓣。

Oh, you mean the gastroesophageal reflex?

哦，你说食管反流吗？