Our brain constantly receives sensory information from our entire body, most of which we don't even become aware of, like the taste information that I constantly receive from my gastrointestinal tract.

大脑通常接收来自全身感知信息，多半我们都没有意识到，比如肠道味道信息。

In specific places along the tract, like the esophageal sphincter, the circular layer thickens, forming these sphincters that keep food from passing from one part of the gastrointestinal tract to another.

在消化道一些特定部位，例如食管括约肌，内环肌层增厚，形成括约肌，可以防止食物从一个部位反流至上一个部位。

Normally, when you think of bloating, you think of the gastrointestinal tract, but in this case, those goats had basically air and it's generalized, which means that it's all over the body.

通常，当你想到腹胀时，你想到肠道，但在这种情况下，说明这只山羊全身都有胀气。

If lymphoma cells get into the gastrointestinal tract, they can grow and cause bowel obstruction.

如果淋巴瘤细胞进入肠道，它们会长并引起肠梗阻。

Now, I'm quite sure that you're familiar with the key players here — they're the hollow organs that form the continuous tube that is your alimentary canal, aka the gastrointestinal tract, which runs from your mouth to your anus.

在，我很确定你对这里关键选手很熟悉——它们形成连续管子中空器官，也就你消化道，也就肠道，从你嘴延伸到你肛门。

And in the process, more than three meters of her gastrointestinal tract were removed, leaving her unable to digest food for months.

过程中，女孩体内超过三米长消化道被切除，以至于她在手术后几个月内都无法消化食物。

Unlike its cousin, ulcerative colitis, which only affects the large intestine, Crohn disease causes inflammation and tissue destruction anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus.

虽与溃疡性结肠炎同属炎症性肠病，但溃疡性结肠炎只侵犯大肠，而克罗恩病能引起肠道任何部位炎症和组织破坏，上至口腔，下达肛门。

They're found at every nerve ending, they're found throughout your digestive tract where they store, for example, insulin, in your gastrointestinal tract, particularly, they're found in the pancreas.

它们出在每个神经末梢，出在整个消化道——它们在那里存储物质，比如在肠道储存胰岛素——尤其关键它们还出在胰腺。

That's because some of the spiciest foods contain compounds that bind to nerve receptors along the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth, that are activated by heat.

这因为一些辛辣食物中含有能够与肠道以及口腔神经受体结合化合物，这些受体会被热量激。

It has pili and a single polar flagellum, kind of like a tail, at one end which it uses for movement through the gastrointestinal tract.

它含有菌毛和一条像尾巴鞭毛；鞭毛可以移动，使其能在肠道中移动。

When nicotine binds to receptors in the peripheral nervous system, it increases blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac contractility, and gastrointestinal tract activity.

尼古丁在与周围神经系统受体相结合时，会引起血压升高，心率加快，心肌收缩力增强，肠道蠕动增加等。

Hypercalcemia can result from increased calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract as well as hormonal causes like primary hyperparathyroidism.

肠道大量吸收钙可引起高钙血症，此外还有激素分泌失调，如原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。

All right, so whatever isn't absorbed, like fiber, continues its journey onward through the ileocecal sphincter and into the very last part of the gastrointestinal tract: the large intestine, also known as colon.

那么，所有不能被吸收物质，如纤维素，将沿消化道继续前进，通过回盲括约肌，进入消化道最后一部分：大肠，也称之为结肠。

If there's extranodal involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, it can cause bowel obstruction.

如果有肠道受累，可引起肠梗阻。

Klebsiella pneumoniae can normally colonize the oropharynx and the gastrointestinal tract.

正常情况下，肺炎克雷伯杆菌人体口咽部与肠道定植菌。

Or maybe we figure out that we can't because we subconsciously detect calories via our receptors in our gastrointestinal tract.

或许我们能知道我们做不到，因为潜意识中检测卡路里感知器肠道。

In Crohn disease, the immune system is thought to be triggered by some foreign pathogen in the gastrointestinal tract.

而在克罗恩病中，学界认为免疫系统由一些肠道里外来病原体所激。

To decrease the amount of phosphate that's absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, people can given medications called phosphate binders.

为了减少从肠道吸收磷酸盐，人们可以使用磷酸盐粘合剂。

The gastrointestinal tract is made up of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and finally the anal canal.

消化道构成包括：口腔、咽、食管、、小肠、大肠以及肛管。

Well, yes and no; yes because it's targeting a foreign invader, no because the inflammatory response is large and uncontrolled and leads to destruction of the cells in the gastrointestinal tract.

实际上，似而非；从攻击外来侵略者角度来说，免疫系统在发挥积极作用；但由于这种炎症反应过于强烈和不可控制，导致肠道细胞遭到破坏，最终引发负面作用。