Follow-up work by Dr Zhu, in nine other sections of the Doushantuo formation, suggests this surge started just after the final Precambrian glacial period about 560m years ago, and went on for 9m years.

后续的工作由朱博士完成，有九个其他的陡山沱构造说明这个激增仅仅是在最后次前寒武纪冰川之后，大约5.6亿年前，并且持续了900万年。

Glacial periods over the past 6 million years promoted the selection of a set of genes responsible for the metabolism and neurohormonal regulation in cold conditions.

过去 600 万年的冰期促进了因的选择，这些因负责在寒冷条件下的新陈代谢和神经激素调节。

" We obviously don't have thermometers in the glacial period, so we have to instead look for these kinds of stand-in indicators."

“显然，在冰川时期我们没有温度计，因此我们必须寻找这些替代指示器。”

In 50,000 years earth will enter into another glacial period regardless of current global warming effects.

不管目前的全变暖效应如何，五万年后地将进入另个冰川期。

Over the past two million years, colder glacial periods have alternated with warmer interglacial periods.

在过去的 200 万年里， 较冷的冰期与较温暖的间冰期交替出现。

How long the various species of wild bees have lived in this honey-garden, nobody knows; probably ever since the main body of the present flora gained possession of the land, toward the close of the glacial period.

没有人知道各野蜂在这个蜜园里生活了多久；可能自从现在的植物群的主体占领了这片土地，到冰川期结束时。

As an example, I have attempted to show how potent has been the influence of the Glacial period on the distribution of the same and of allied species throughout the world.

作为个例子， 我试图说明冰河时期对世界各地相同物和近缘物分布的影响有多大。

When the most recent glacial period ended around 11,700 years ago, things got warmer and drier, and the swamps and lakes that Castoroides depended on became more scarce.

当最近次冰河期在大约11700年前结束时，气候变得温暖干燥， 巨型海狸依赖的沼泽和湖泊变得更加稀少。

Next to the Cathedral Rocks on the south side towers the Sentinel Rock to a height of more than 3000 feet, a telling monument of the glacial period.

在南侧的大教堂岩石旁边耸立着高达 3000 多英尺的哨兵岩石，这是冰河时期的座纪念碑。

Perhaps more than a mile in average depth has the range been thus degraded during the last glacial period, -a quantity of mechanical work almost inconceivably great.

在最后次冰河时期，山脉的平均深度可能超过英里，因此退化了——大量的机械工作几乎大得令人难以置信。

We know that during this glacial period, many animal and plant species sought shelter in Europe's three warmer southern peninsulas, Iberia, Italy, and the Balkans.

我们知道， 在这个冰川期，许多动植物物在欧洲的三个较暖的南部半岛——伊比利亚半岛、意大利和巴尔干半岛——寻求避难。

Just such an influx may have happened about 12,800 years ago, helping to set off a thousand-year glacial period called the Younger Dryas.

正是这样的冲击可能发生在约12,800年前，进而引发了个持续千年的冰川期，称为新仙女木期。

So over time, there's like sea level changes and rises because, you know, the Earth likes to go through glacial and interglacial periods.

所以随着时间的推移，由于地会经历冰河期和间冰期，海平面会发生变化并上升。

As temperatures declined through the last glacial period, and conditions became less hospitable, varieties in different regions evolved different mechanisms for survival.

随着最后个冰河时代气温下降， 环境变得不再宜居，不同地区的葡萄品演化出了不同的生存机制。

Imagine how much surviving the cold would have been a problem back in a glacial period.

想象下，在冰川时期， 如何在寒冷中幸存下来是个问题。

Within that, you have cycles of “glacial periods” and “interglacial periods”.

其中，你有“冰期” 和“间冰期” 的循环。

The decrease in the rain-and snow-fall since the close of the glacial period in the Sierra is much less than is commonly guessed.

自塞拉利昂冰川期结束以来降雨和降雪量的减少比通常猜测的要少得多。

6 million years ago, the ice caps expanded even more, and the Earth entered a glacial period.

260万年前， 冰盖进步扩大，地进入冰河期。

And over time, as sea levels rose and declined and rose and declined, we went through glacial periods.

随着时间的推移， 海平面不断上升和下降，我们经历了冰河时期。

It is hard without long and loving study to realize the magnitude of the work done on these mountains during the last glacial period by glaciers, which are only streams of closely compacted snow-crystals.

如果不进行长期而热情的研究，就很难认识到冰川在最后次冰河时期对这些山脉所做的工作的重要性，冰川只是紧密压实的雪晶流。