These were, at their maxima, among the most extensive glaciations in the Earth's history.

在顶峰，它们是地球史上最规模的。

Yuka, what do we typically see in populations of animals isolated by glaciation?

由隔离的动物种群中，我们通常会看到什么情况？

Erosion did not stop with the end of glaciation.

侵蚀并没有随着作用的结束而停止。

Like, that could get bad, although we've had glaciation events during human history, right?

就像，那可能会很糟糕，尽管在人类历史上发生过，对吧？

Then a period of glaciation Locked up lots of Earth's water, which dramatically lowered sea levels.

然后一锁住了地球上的量水分，这极地降低了海平面。

Around 34 million years ago, the Eocene-Oligocene Transition  marked the first major period of global cooling and glaciation.

约 3400 万年前，始新世-渐新世过渡标志着全球变冷和作用的第一个主要。

Like, some things could massively harm the Earth, like comet impacts and things like that, or glaciation events.

有些事情可能对地球造成巨伤害，比如彗星撞击之类的事件，或是现象。

Like, you know, we went into a period of glaciation where the pretty much the entire planet was under ice.

就像你知道的，地球进入了一个，几乎整个星球都被雪覆盖了。

And as the 1978 review about glaciation illustrates, this importance did not appear prominently in discussions of the last ice ages.

正如1978年关于作用的综述所表明的，这种重要性在讨论最近一次河代并未得到充分体现。

And then there are a bunch of sort of geological things that can happen, like glaciation events or axial tilt changes or weird plate tectonics.

然后还有一些地质事件可能会发生，比如、地轴倾斜变化或奇怪的板块构造运动。

For one thing, 2.6 million years ago marked the beginning of the Pleistocene, when cooler temperatures and long periods of glaciation began to set in -– also known as the Ice Ages.

首先，260万年前标志着更新世的开始，当气温变凉，长间的开始——也就是所谓的河代。

The end of the Devonian shows signs of a rapid swing from greenhouse to a sudden glaciation and then back again, a see-sawing of climate that could be responsible for many of the extinctions.

泥盆纪末显示出从温室效应迅速转变为突然的作用然后再逆转的迹象，这种气候的摇摆可能是许多灭绝事件的原因。

To him the two or three labored guesses that Sir Charles suggested or borrowed to explain glaciation were proof of nothing, and were quite unsolid as support for so immense a superstructure as geological uniformity.

对他来说，查尔斯爵士建议或借用来解释作用的两三个费力的猜测是毫无根据的，而且作为对地质均匀性如此巨的上层建筑的支持是相当不可靠的。

Even below the waters of the lake the rock in some places is still grooved and polished; the lapping of the waves and their disintegrating action have not as yet obliterated even the superficial marks of glaciation.

即使在湖水以下，一些地方的岩石仍然有凹槽和抛光；海浪的拍打和它们的分解作用甚至还没有消除作用的表面痕迹。