In these studies, scientists transformed glia cells into neurons that had all the typical features you'd expect.

在这些研究中，科学家将胶质转化为具有你所期望的所有典型特征的元。

Glia surround neurons and, according to some scientists, may even outnumber them by as many as ten to one.

胶质围绕元，据一些科学家称，其数量比能是十多个胶质对一个元。

In fact, there are probably almost as many glia in your brain and nervous system as there are neurons!

事实上，你的大脑和统中的胶质能几乎和元一样多！

Now, if glia are so important, it might seem unwise to transform some of them into neurons.

如果胶质如此重要，那么将它们中的一些转化为元似乎是不明智的。

To name just one example, patterns of activity between neurons are likely influenced by a type of cell called glia.

仅举一个例子，元之间的活动模式很能受到一种称为胶质的影响。

But luckily, new glia are reliably produced throughout adulthood, so swapping a few of them shouldn't pose a long-term problem.

但幸运的是，新的胶质在整个成年期都能靠地产生，因此更换其中的一些不应构成长期问题。

In experiments on mice, they took a type of cell called a glia cell, and they transformed it into a neuron.

在对老鼠的实验中，他们采用了一种称为胶质的，并将其转化为元。

Can you calm down the glia, as you put it, and by doing so, save the neuron?

你能像你说的那样，平息胶质的活动，从而拯救元吗？

They define these critical protein modules, especially that glia neuron subnetwork, M3, giving us a molecular map of that destructive crosstalk.

他们定义了这些关键的蛋白模块，尤其是胶质-元子网络M3，为我们提供了这种破坏性相互作用的分子图谱。

In papers published that year, two research groups did just that by using AAV or CRISPR to make a simple genetic edit in glia cells.

在当年发表的论文中，两个研究小组通过使用 AAV 或 CRISPR 在胶质中进行简单的基因编辑来做到这一点。

And in their studies, scientists were able to convert glia into neurons by decreasing or knocking down the activity of just one small gene family called PTBP.

在他们的研究中，科学家们能够通过减少或抑制一个名为 PTBP 的小基因家族的活动，将胶质转化为元。

One consequence of the active milieu interpretation is a realisation that when glia misbehave there is trouble. A large body of evidence now suggests that dysfunctional glia play an important role in many neurological and psychiatric conditions.

活跃环境解释的一个后果是认识到当胶质行为异常时就会出现问题。大量证据现在表明，功能失调的胶质在许多和精疾病中起着重要作用。