The FDA has also recently approved intranasal glucagon as a treatment for severe hypoglycemia.

美国食品药品监督管局最近也批准了高血糖鼻粉剂。

And the pancreas regulates your blood sugar by releasing two different hormones — insulin and glucagon.

腺通过释放两种不同的来调节你的血糖——岛和高血糖。

A decrease in glucose stimulates alpha cells in the pancreas to release insulin's nemesis, the hormone glucagon.

葡萄糖的减少刺腺中的α细胞释放岛的克星——荷尔蒙高血糖。

Insulin is used to reduce blood glucose levels, and glucagon is used to increase blood glucose levels.

岛用来低血糖水平，而高血糖用来提高血糖水平。

In states of stress, like an infection, the body releases epinephrine, which in turn stimulates the release of glucagon.

在压力状态下，比如发感染时，身体会产肾上腺，从而刺高血糖的释放。

And so we use two different hormones, insulin and glucagon to do that.

因此，我们利用两种不同的——岛和高血糖来实现这一目标。

There are going to be a number of things that impact insulin and glucagon.

会有多种因影响岛和高血糖的水平。

And what the glucagon does is it increases energy expenditure.

高血糖的作用是增加能量消耗。

The pancreas also secretes insulin and glucagon.

腺还分泌岛和高血糖。

GLP-1 is in the glucagon pathway.

GLP-1位于高血糖通路中。

Well then your body is going to quit producing that insulin and it's going to start producing glucagon.

那么，你的身体将停止分泌岛，并开始产高血糖。

For example, the amount of glucose in the blood controls the secretion of insulin and glucagons via negative feedback.

例如，血液中的葡萄糖量通过负反馈控制岛和高血糖的分泌。

DPP4 can degrade the host's glucagon and contribute to compromising glucose homeostasis, as indicated in the study published in Science on August 4.

8 月 4 日发表在《科》杂志上的研究表明，DPP4 可以解宿主的高血糖，并有助于损害葡萄糖稳态。

With such a long fast, hormones such as glucagon and epinephrine are released to increase blood glucose levels and more importantly, break down more fat.

如此长时间的禁食，血液中诸如高血糖和肾上腺等水平会升高，以增长血糖值，更重要的是它们可以分解更多脂肪。

Those are the pancreatic cells that produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon and that are attacked by the immune system in type 1 diabetes patients.

这些是产岛和高血糖等的腺细胞，在 1 型糖尿病患者中会被免疫系统攻击。

Insulin is secreted by beta cells in the center of the islets, and glucagon is secreted by alpha cells in the periphery of the islets.

岛由岛中间的β细胞分泌，而高血糖由岛外周的α细胞分泌。

In general, the body controls how much glucose is in the blood relative to how much gets into the cells with two hormones: insulin and glucagon.

通常，人体用两种来控制血液和细胞里的葡萄糖比例：岛与高血糖。

And so now when the blood glucose level goes too far down, glucagon in added and that's going to increase the blood glucose level.

因此， 当血糖水平过低时，高血糖会被释放， 从而提升血糖水平。

Or if there is an increase in insulin, if blood glucose isn't dropping, then there must be a corresponding increase in glucagon, which is basically offsetting all of insulin's issues.

或者如果岛增加， 如果血糖没有下，那么高血糖就必须相应增加，这基本上抵消了岛的所有问题。