In general, the body controls how much glucose is in the blood relative to how much gets into the cells with two hormones: insulin and glucagon.

通常，人体用两种激素来控制液和细胞里的葡萄比例：胰岛素与胰高素。

Those are the pancreatic cells that produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon and that are attacked by the immune system in type 1 diabetes patients.

这些是产生胰岛素和胰高素等激素的胰腺细胞， 1 尿病患者会被免疫系统攻击。

With such a long fast, hormones such as glucagon and epinephrine are released to increase blood glucose levels and more importantly, break down more fat.

如此长时间的禁食，液诸如胰高素和肾上腺素等激素水平会升高，以增长值，更重要的是它们可以分解更多。

DPP4 can degrade the host's glucagon and contribute to compromising glucose homeostasis, as indicated in the study published in Science on August 4.

8 月 4 日发表《科学》杂志上的研究表明，DPP4 可以降解宿主的胰高素，并有助于损害葡萄稳态。

The FDA has also recently approved intranasal glucagon as a treatment for severe hypoglycemia.

美国食品药品监督管理局最近也批准了胰高素鼻粉剂。

And the pancreas regulates your blood sugar by releasing two different hormones — insulin and glucagon.

胰腺通过释放两种不同的激素来调节你的——胰岛素和胰高素。

Insulin is secreted by beta cells in the center of the islets, and glucagon is secreted by alpha cells in the periphery of the islets.

胰岛素由胰岛间的β细胞分泌，而胰高素由胰岛外周的α细胞分泌。

A decrease in glucose stimulates alpha cells in the pancreas to release insulin's nemesis, the hormone glucagon.

葡萄的减少刺激胰腺的α细胞释放胰岛素的克星——荷尔蒙胰高素。

Insulin is used to reduce blood glucose levels, and glucagon is used to increase blood glucose levels.

胰岛素用来降低水平，而胰高素用来提高水平。

In states of stress, like an infection, the body releases epinephrine, which in turn stimulates the release of glucagon.

压力状态下，比如发生感染时，身体会产生肾上腺素，从而刺激胰高素的释放。

Or if there is an increase in insulin, if blood glucose isn't dropping, then there must be a corresponding increase in glucagon, which is basically offsetting all of insulin's issues.

或者如果胰岛素增加， 如果没有下降，那么胰高素就必须相应增加，这基本上抵消了胰岛素的所有问题。

And so now when the blood glucose level goes too far down, glucagon in added and that's going to increase the blood glucose level.

因此， 当水平过低时，胰高素会被释放， 从而提升水平。

And so we use two different hormones, insulin and glucagon to do that.

因此，我们利用两种不同的激素——胰岛素和胰高素来实现这一目标。

For example, the amount of glucose in the blood controls the secretion of insulin and glucagons via negative feedback.

例如，液的葡萄量通过负反馈控制胰岛素和胰高素的分泌。

The pancreas also secretes insulin and glucagon.

胰腺还分泌胰岛素和胰高素。

GLP-1 is in the glucagon pathway.

GLP-1位于胰高素通路。

And what the glucagon does is it increases energy expenditure.

胰高素的作用是增加能量消耗。

Well then your body is going to quit producing that insulin and it's going to start producing glucagon.

那么，你的身体将停止分泌胰岛素，并开始产生胰高素。

There are going to be a number of things that impact insulin and glucagon.

会有多种因素影响胰岛素和胰高素的水平。