It does make perfect evolutionary sense that we should have the ability to detect or taste glutamate because it is the amino acid which is most common in natural foods.

我们因该能发现或尝出谷氨酸盐因为谷氨酸盐就是未加工的食物的氨基酸。

It does make perfect evolutionary sense that we should have the ability to detect or taste glutamate because it is the minor acid which is the most common in natural foods.

因为谷氨酸盐是在自然食物很的氨基酸，所以我们能够发现并尝出它的味道，从进化的角度看，这是说得通的。

They found that mature pyramidal-neuron protrusions generated electrical activity when exposed to glutamate, as expected.

他们发现，正如预期的那样，成熟的锥体神露在谷氨酸时，其突起会产生电活动。

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is glutamate.

脑部主要的兴奋性神递质为谷氨酸。

Monosodium glutamate is really bad for your health.

味精真的对你的健康有害。

Half a century ago, a letter published in The New England Journal of Medicine described a terrifying new condition whose symptoms — headache, sweating, heart palpitations — were associated with a common ingredient of dishes served in Chinese restaurants: monosodium glutamate, or MSG.

半个世纪以前，一封发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的信描述了一种可怕的新性疾病，其症状——头痛、出汗、心悸——都与餐馆的一种调料有关：味精。

In the central nervous system, nicotinic receptors are on pre-synaptic axon terminals of neurons, and when nicotine binds to them, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate, which is why it's considered an acetylcholine agonist.

在枢神系统，烟碱受体分布于突触前神的轴突末端，当尼古丁与受体结合后，会触发多巴胺、乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸盐等神递质的释放，因此尼古丁被认为是一种乙酰胆碱受体兴奋剂。

Charney was a depression guy; Krystal was interested in schizophrenia. Their curiosity led them to the same place: the glutamate system, what Krystal calls the main information highway of the higher brain.

查尼研究抑郁症，而克里斯托对精神分裂症很感兴趣，好奇心把他们引向同一个地方：谷氨酸系统，也就是克里斯托所说的“高阶大脑的主要信息高速公路”。

When glutamate gets in, it forms a hydrogen bond with other compounds near that hinge, and the trap snaps shut, sending the “Mmm, umami” signal to your brain.

当谷氨酸进入时，它会与铰链附近的其他化合物形成氢键，然后受体就会关闭，向你的大脑发送“嗯，是鲜味”的信号。

Sodium, which is well-established as an essential part of our diet, and glutamate, a very common amino acid found in numerous plant and animal proteins.

一种是纳，它被公认为我们饮食不可或缺的一部分，另一种则是谷氨酸，一种非的氨基酸存在于多种动植物蛋白质。

As far back as 1968, researchers found that hydra use neurotransmitters like glutamate to activate neurons and orchestrate eating, which sounds like something an organism with a brain would do.

早在1968年，研究人员就发现水螅会利用谷氨酸等神递质来激活神并协调进食，这听起来就像有大脑的有机体会做的事情。

This happens because albumin has acidic amino acids, like glutamate and aspartate, which have some carboxyl groups that are in the form of COO- or COOH.

这是因为白蛋白含有酸性氨基酸，比如谷氨酸与天冬氨酸，它们具有一些以COO-或COOH形式存在的羧基。

But it wasn't until 1908 that the ingredient in kombu which was responsible for the improvement for flavour was actually discovered to be glutamate by scientists working there.

但是直到1908年，科学家才发现海带里面负责提味的成份是谷氨酸盐。

And because glutamate sites become less effective, information flow becomes slow, and only the largest signals can make it through.

由于谷氨酸有效性减小，信息流动变缓，因此只有最强的信号可以通过。

When new information enters your brain, neurons start firing using existing stores of another neurotransmitter called glutamate.

当新的信息进入你的大脑时，神就开始利用另一种神递质——谷氨酸酯进行激活。

Nicotine directly increases dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, but it also increases glutamate levels which gets the ventral tegmentum neurons to release more dopamine onto the nucleus accumbens.

尼古丁可以直接提高伏隔核的多巴胺水平，但同时也提高谷氨酸盐水平，使腹侧被盖区神释放更多的多巴胺至伏隔核。

When you add some bubbly, the low levels of glutamate and nucleotides flow into those receptors, giving you an enhanced kick of synergy.

当你添加一些汽酒时，低水平的谷氨酸和核苷酸会流入这些受体，增强协同作用。

Excitatory neurotransmitters, like glutamate, bind to the receptors on neurons and tell them to open up ion channels and relay an electrical signal.

兴奋性神递质（如谷氨酸）与神上的受体结合，告诉它们打开离子通道并传递电信号。

Alcohol turns up the brain's primary brake, the neurotransmitter GABA, and turns down its primary gas, the neurotransmitter glutamate.

酒精会给大脑踩刹车，即提升氨基丁酸水平，使大脑更镇静；同时给大脑松油门，即降低谷氨酸水平，减弱兴奋度。

To do that, they needed to test how the filopodia responded to glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter.

要做到这一点，他们需要测试树突丝对谷氨酸的反应，谷氨酸也就是大脑主要的兴奋性神递质。