When energy is needed - all three monosaccharides are metabolized through glycolysis, then the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

当机体需要能量时，三种单糖就会通过糖酵解、三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化进行能量代谢。

We convert glucose to pyruvate through the process of glycolysis, and then we convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, which then gets burned, gets oxidized for energy, to produce energy through the krebs cycle.

通过糖酵解过程将糖转化为内酮酸盐，人体接着将丙酮酸盐转换成乙酷辅 A，后者紧接着被氧化，最后再通过克氏循环转换成能量。

Cellular respiration occurs in three simultaneous phases, where glucose is broken down by glycolysis and other catabolic reactions; and then turned into pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA; and finally ushered into the Kreb's cycle.

细发生在三个同时的阶段，其中糖被糖酵解和其他分解代谢反应分解；然后转化为丙酮酸和乙酰辅 A；最后进入克雷布循环。

He helped figure out many of the steps of glycolysis, which is the series of chemical reactions that cells use to make energy from glucose — aka sugar.

他帮助计算了糖酵解的很多步骤，这是一系列化学反应，细可以用此糖，即糖中制造能量。

This causes intracellular carbon dioxide to freely diffuse out of the cell, raising the cellular pH which stimulates glycolysis, a metabolic process that requires a lot of phosphate.

这会导致细内CO2自由扩散到细外，提高细的pH值，激发糖酵解，一个需要大量磷酸盐的代谢过程。

One of the biochemical changes many tumors cause is a large increase in an energy-generating process called glycolysis.

许多肿瘤引起的生物化学变化之一是称为糖酵解的能量产生过程的大量增加。

He and another scientist, Archibald Hill, correctly figured out the steps of glycolysis that led to higher levels of lactate in the muscles.

他和另一位科学家阿奇博尔德·希尔正确地计算出了糖酵解的步骤，即造成肌肉乳酸盐含量更高的反应。

Fructose has 6 carbons, and most of it is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules and sent into glycolysis to help generate energy.

果糖有6个碳原子，大部分果糖分子都被分解成3个碳原子的小分子，并进入糖酵解途径，为机体提供能量。

Now, normally glycolysis in the cell uses up a lot of phosphate, but this lower pH tends to inhibit glycolysis.

通常细内的糖酵解会消耗大量的磷酸盐，但这个较低的pH值往往会抑制糖酵解。

It's important in glycolysis that you know where we start and where we begin.

在糖酵解过程中，了解我们哪里开始和哪里起始是很重要的。

You're oxidizing things through the Krebs cycle, you're going through glycolysis, you can now start to pull things in, right?

你正在通过克雷布斯循环氧化物质，正在进行糖酵解， 现在你可以开始将物质入，对吗？

So when glucose has been broken down into pyruvate via glycolysis in the cytosol, it consumes NAD to create NADH.

所以当糖在细质中通过糖酵解分解成丙酮酸时，会消耗烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸来生成还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸。

In the 1920s and 1930s, biochemists—led by Hans Krebs and Carl and Gerty Cori—began to work out many of the central metabolic pathways of life: the citric acid cycle, glycogenesis and glycolysis, and the synthesis of steroids and porphyrins.

在二十世纪二三十年代，由汉斯·克雷布斯（Hans Krebs）和卡尔（Carl Krert）和格蒂·科里（Gerty Cori）领导的生物化学家开始研究许多生命的中心代谢途径：柠檬酸循环，糖原合成和糖酵解，以及类固醇和卟啉的合成。

Comparative RNA-seq revealed a prominent anaerobic glycolysis gene expression signature.

比较RNA-seq揭示了明显的无氧糖酵解基因表达特征。

And the process is glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and then finally the electron transport chain.

这个过程包括糖酵解、克雷布斯循环，最后是电子传递链。

How articular chondrocytes, that primarily rely on glycolysis in low oxygen homoeostatic conditions, respond to joint damage and adapt to microenvironmental changes in articular cartilage is an important yet poorly understood question.

关节软骨细主要依赖于低氧稳态条件下的糖酵解，它们如何响应关节损伤并适应关节软骨微环境的变化，是一个非常重要但尚不完全理解的问题。

Remember glycolysis is going to take place outside the mitochondria.

记住，糖酵解过程是在线粒体外进行的。

So to start glycolysis, which is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, you have to actually add a little bit of ATP.

因此， 要启动糖酵解过程， 即将糖分解为丙酮酸，实际上需要先加入少量三磷酸腺苷（ATP）。

A specific one I'm going to talk about today is called glycolysis.

今天我要讨论的一个具体过程叫做糖酵解。

And so the parts of cellular respiration, the first part is called glycolysis.

因此，细作用的部分，第一部分称为糖酵解。