A signal triggers the pituitary gland to release the hormone gonadotropin.

这个信号会促使脑垂体释放出促素。

GnRH makes the nearby pituitary gland secrete two hormones of its own, called gonadotropins.

GnRH促使附近的垂体自身分泌两种素，称为促素。

And that leads to low levels of the gonadotropin hormones, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, and low levels of gonadal function.

而这会导致促素（如促黄体生成素和卵泡素水平）降低，以及功能水平降低。

Over time, many ovarian follicles degenerate, and the ones that remain become less and less sensitive to gonadotropin stimulation.

随着时间的推移，许多卵巢卵泡退化，而余下的卵泡对促素的变得越来越不敏感。

These are caused by overstimulation by human chorionic gonadotropin or hCG, a hormone that's produced by the placenta, so they're only seen in pregnancy.

这是由人体绒毛膜促素（hCG）导致的；这种素由胎盘释放，因此仅见于怀孕期间。

These gonadotropin hormones then stimulate the gonads to produce sex specific hormones.

这些促素随后生成别特异素。

So, for example, a pinealoma may lead to increased secretion of the hormone beta human chorionic gonadotropin that can cause an early onset of puberty.

比如，松果体瘤可能导致β人绒毛膜促素分泌增加，可引起青春期发育提前。

High levels of cortisol also inhibit the secretion of gonadotropin- releasing hormone from the hypothalamus, which messes up normal ovarian and testicular function.

高水平皮质醇会抑制促素分泌，即下丘脑分泌的释放素，导致卵巢和睾丸功能紊乱。

This goes on until menopause, when there are no remaining follicles responding to gonadotropins, and that causes menstruation and ovulation to cease entirely.

这种情况一直持续到绝经，此时没有剩余的卵泡对促素有反应；这导致月经和排卵完全停止。

Now, in premature ovarian failure, the follicles stop responding to gonadotropin stimulation earlier than usual - that being before the age of 40.

而在卵巢早衰患者中，卵泡更早停止对促素的反应，即在40岁之前。

This is called hypergonadotropic (because the level of gonadotropins are high) hypogonadism (because the level of gonad or ovarian hormones is low).

由于促素水平高，而或卵巢素水平低，这被称为高促素型功能减退症。

In premature ovarian failure when estrogen levels are low the pituitary gland attempts to restore balance by increasing production of gonadotropins LH and FSH.

在卵巢早衰中，当雌素水平较低时，垂体试图通增加促素LH和FSH的产生来恢复平衡。

To maintain balance, or homeostasis, testosterone reduces gonadotropin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone and sertoli cells release the hormone inhibin which inhibits release of follicle stimulating hormone.

为了保持多种作用平衡，即“稳态”，睾酮还会反作用于GnRH和LH，使它们减少；同时，睾丸支持细胞还会释放抑制素；抑制素也会抑制FSH的释放。

Now in puberty in both male and females the hypothalamus starts to release more gonadotropin releasing hormone which gets the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.

青春期时的男和女体内下丘脑开始释放更多促素释放素（GnRH）；这种素会使垂体释放黄体生成素（LH）和促卵泡素（FSH）。

In Prader-Willi, the hypothalamus has issues secreting gonadotropin releasing hormone and growth hormone releasing hormone as it should, which can cause decreased sex hormone levels and short stature, respectively.

在普拉德-威利综合征的发展中，下丘脑分泌促素释放素和生长素释放素受阻，分别导致素分泌不足以及身材矮小。

A diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome is made based on identifying low levels of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, low gonadotropins (LF and FSH) and low sex hormones, with normal levels of other pituitary hormones.

Kallmann综合征的诊断是基于检测出低水平的促素释放素、低促素（促黄体生成素和卵泡素）和低水平的素，而其他垂体素水平正常。

Though there are different causes which result in different levels of gonadotropin hormones, they all ultimately result in hypogonadism and a deficiency in testosterone or estrogen and progesterone.

尽管青春期延迟的病因很多，会导致促素水平各不相同，但最终的结果都是功能减退以及男睾酮或女雌素和孕酮的缺乏。

They began to notice a pattern of fluctuations throughout a woman's 28 day menstrual cycle and saw a sharp spike in the level of HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in pregnant women, and nowhere else.

他们开始注意到女28天的月经周期中有一种波动模式，孕妇的 HCG（人绒毛膜促素）水平急剧上升，而其他人则不会。

When gonadotropin-releasing hormone reach the pituitary gland, it stimulates cells in the anterior pituitary, called gonadotrophs, to release gonadotropin hormones: luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone which then enter the blood.

当GnRH到达垂体时，可垂体前叶的促素细胞，释放促素黄体生成素（LH）和促卵泡生成素（FSH），两者随后进入血液。

All right, as a quick recap, premature ovarian failure occurs before age 40 and is caused by not having enough follicles in the ovaries or having follicles that don't respond to gonadotropins.

好！快速回顾一下：卵巢早衰发生在40岁之前，是由于卵巢中没有足够的卵泡或卵泡对促素无反应。