These growth factors act on the collateral vessel wall and bring about two changes.

这些生长因子作用于侧支血管壁，产生两个变化。

In 2011 Yoshiki Sasai of the RIKEN Centre for Developmental Biology, in Kobe, showed how mouse embryonic stem cells, if mixed with a few appropriate growth factors, quickly form a three-dimensional cluster made of the precursor cells to neurons.

左使良树（Yoshiki Sasai）任职于神户（Kobe）的理化研究所发育生物学中心（RIKEN Centre for Developmental Biology）。他于2011年发表论文，阐述了老鼠胚胎干细胞在给予一些适当的生长因子后，快速形成一个三维立体簇集物的过程。

And identifying a gene that is located in the pathway, for example, of growth factors in the blood, that can give quite a lot of new insights into therapeutic strategies to treat growth failure.

别出一个位于通路上的基因，例如，血液中的生长因子，可以为生长衰竭的治疗策略提供相当多的新见解。

These growth factors cause the mesangial cells to regress back to their more immature stem cell state known as mesangioblasts and secrete extracellular structural matrix.

这些生长因子使得系膜细胞退化成为未成熟的干细胞状态（成系膜细胞），并分泌细胞基框架。

A new study finds that shining a low-power laser on damaged rat teeth activates molecular growth factors already present in the tissue.

一项最新的研究发现低能量激光照射过损伤的老鼠牙齿后能激活已经存在于组织中的生长因子。

Along with that, it capitalizes other potential growth factors such as time under tension, quality technique, and avoiding excessive burnout.

同时它还利用了其他潜在的增长因素，诸如用力的时，量的技巧以及避免过度劳累。

When proto-oncogenes, like epidermal growth factor receptor and RAS, are activated, it turns them into oncogenes that promote cell division.

当原癌基因（如表皮生长因子受体基因、RAS基因）被激活时，它们就变成了促进细胞分裂的癌基因。

When activated, the stellate cells lose vitamin A, proliferate, and start secreting secreting transforming growth factor beta1, or TGF-beta, which then causes them to produce collagen, which is the main ingredient in extracellular matrix, fibrosis, and scar tissue.

激活后的星形细胞失去维生素A，并且开始大量增生，分泌转化生长因子ß，即TGF-ß，随之导致其生成胶原；胶原是细胞基、纤维化和疤痕组织的重要成分。

Now, the sudden gush of blood through the collateral vessel stretches its walls and deforms the endothelial cells, which stimulates the production of growth factors like the vascular endothelial growth factor, or VEGF, from the vessel wall.

现在，一股血流突然涌入侧支血管，牵拉血管壁使内皮细胞变形，刺激血管壁产生生长因子，如血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）。

These growth factors cue stem cells to generate dentin, the bonelike substance that teeth are mostly made of.

这些生长因子会提示干细胞修复牙本，这是牙齿成分中的绝大部分组成物。

Think protective antibodies, prebiotics, antioxidants, peptides, and growth factors.

考虑一下保护性抗体、益生元、抗氧化剂、肽类和生长因子吧。

The way they work, and this is why it may not matter what particular type of stem cell you put in, The way they work primarily is by secreting very powerful proteins, molecules, growth factors that promote native recovery.

它们的作用方式是，这也就是为什么你放入哪种特定类型的干细胞可能并不重要。它们主要通过分泌非常强大的蛋白、分子和生长因子来促进自身恢复。

With reinvestment and growth factors accounted for, including the CHOAM percentage and military costs, our profit margin will be reduced to a very narrow six or seven per cent until we can replace worn-out equipment.

考虑到再投资和增长因素， 包括 CHOAM 百分比和军事成本，我们的利润率将减少到非常狭窄的 6% 或 7%， 直到我们可以更换破旧的设备。

Adequate protein intake, along with naturally occurring hormones like insulin-like growth factor and testosterone, help shift the body into a state where tissue is repaired and grown.

适量蛋白摄入， 结合体内天然激素如胰岛素样生长因子和睾酮，有助于身体进入组织修复和生长的状态。

And because this tumor created a lot of neovascularization, where it literally released these factors called endothelial growth factors, it created its own blood supply.

因为这种肿瘤产生了大量的新血管，它实际上释放了这些称为内皮生长因子的因子，它创造了自己的血液供应。

He was cutting it to the right size and made injections of growth factors, and Paolo transferred it into the operating wound and started suturing.

他正在将气管修剪到合适的尺寸， 并注射生长因子，然后保罗博士将其转移到手术创口中， 开始缝合。

So first of all, anything that makes insulin go up increases your risk for cancer because insulin is a growth factor.

首先，任何导致胰岛素水平上升的因素都会增加患癌风险，因为胰岛素是一种生长因子。

This is because lycopene appears to lower the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), a protein linked to cancer in high levels.

这是因为番茄红素似乎降低了胰岛素样生长因子 （IGF），一种与癌症相关的蛋白.

An example is a mutated gene that produces a defective protein that causes the growth-factor receptor on a cell's surface to be constantly " on" when, in fact, no growth factor is present.

一个例子是突变基因，它产生一种有缺陷的蛋白，导致细胞表面的生长因子受体持续激活，事实上没有增长因素存在。

Myostatin is one protein in a larger group of proteins called the transforming growth factor beta superfamily.

肌肉生长抑制素是称为转化生长因子 β 超家族的一大类蛋白中的一种蛋白。