In chapter thirteen, Aristotle outlines an ideal of the central character of tragedy, the so-called tragic hero, and identifies the source of the character's downfall with something called hamartia.

在第十三章，亚里斯多德描画了一个悲剧中心角--悲剧主人公理，出角落是因为一种叫“悲剧性缺陷”（hamartia）东西。

It is obvious that Freek tragedy,especially Aristotle's hamartia has greatly influenced Hardy's writing and there is a serious vein of tragedy throughout the novel.

哈代在创作中受到希腊悲剧,特别是亚里斯多德悲剧主角“过失”说理论影响,小说具有凝重悲剧彩。